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                # C# 反射(Reflection) **反射(Reflection)** 對象用于在運行時獲取類型信息。該類位于 **System.Reflection** 命名空間中,可訪問一個正在運行的程序的元數據。 **System.Reflection** 命名空間包含了允許您獲取有關應用程序信息及向應用程序動態添加類型、值和對象的類。 ## 反射(Reflection)的用途 反射(Reflection)有下列用途: * 它允許在運行時查看屬性(attribute)信息。 * 它允許審查集合中的各種類型,以及實例化這些類型。 * 它允許延遲綁定的方法和屬性(property)。 * 它允許在運行時創建新類型,然后使用這些類型執行一些任務。 ## 查看元數據 我們已經在上面的章節中提到過,使用反射(Reflection)可以查看屬性(attribute)信息。 **System.Reflection** 類的 **MemberInfo** 對象需要被初始化,用于發現與類相關的屬性(attribute)。為了做到這點,您可以定義目標類的一個對象,如下: ``` System.Reflection.MemberInfo info = typeof(MyClass); ``` 下面的程序演示了這點: ``` using System; [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.All)] public class HelpAttribute : System.Attribute { public readonly string Url; public string Topic // Topic 是一個命名(named)參數 { get { return topic; } set { topic = value; } } public HelpAttribute(string url) // url 是一個定位(positional)參數 { this.Url = url; } private string topic; } [HelpAttribute("Information on the class MyClass")] class MyClass { } namespace AttributeAppl { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { System.Reflection.MemberInfo info = typeof(MyClass); object[] attributes = info.GetCustomAttributes(true); for (int i = 0; i < attributes.Length; i++) { System.Console.WriteLine(attributes[i]); } Console.ReadKey(); } } } ``` 當上面的代碼被編譯和執行時,它會顯示附加到類 _MyClass_ 上的自定義屬性: ``` HelpAttribute ``` ## 實例 在本實例中,我們將使用在上一章中創建的 _DeBugInfo_ 屬性,并使用反射(Reflection)來讀取 _Rectangle_ 類中的元數據。 ``` using System; using System.Reflection; namespace BugFixApplication { // 一個自定義屬性 BugFix 被賦給類及其成員 [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Constructor | AttributeTargets.Field | AttributeTargets.Method | AttributeTargets.Property, AllowMultiple = true)] public class DeBugInfo : System.Attribute { private int bugNo; private string developer; private string lastReview; public string message; public DeBugInfo(int bg, string dev, string d) { this.bugNo = bg; this.developer = dev; this.lastReview = d; } public int BugNo { get { return bugNo; } } public string Developer { get { return developer; } } public string LastReview { get { return lastReview; } } public string Message { get { return message; } set { message = value; } } } [DeBugInfo(45, "Zara Ali", "12/8/2012", Message = "Return type mismatch")] [DeBugInfo(49, "Nuha Ali", "10/10/2012", Message = "Unused variable")] class Rectangle { // 成員變量 protected double length; protected double width; public Rectangle(double l, double w) { length = l; width = w; } [DeBugInfo(55, "Zara Ali", "19/10/2012", Message = "Return type mismatch")] public double GetArea() { return length * width; } [DeBugInfo(56, "Zara Ali", "19/10/2012")] public void Display() { Console.WriteLine("Length: {0}", length); Console.WriteLine("Width: {0}", width); Console.WriteLine("Area: {0}", GetArea()); } }//end class Rectangle class ExecuteRectangle { static void Main(string[] args) { Rectangle r = new Rectangle(4.5, 7.5); r.Display(); Type type = typeof(Rectangle); // 遍歷 Rectangle 類的屬性 foreach (Object attributes in type.GetCustomAttributes(false)) { DeBugInfo dbi = (DeBugInfo)attributes; if (null != dbi) { Console.WriteLine("Bug no: {0}", dbi.BugNo); Console.WriteLine("Developer: {0}", dbi.Developer); Console.WriteLine("Last Reviewed: {0}", dbi.LastReview); Console.WriteLine("Remarks: {0}", dbi.Message); } } // 遍歷方法屬性 foreach (MethodInfo m in type.GetMethods()) { foreach (Attribute a in m.GetCustomAttributes(true)) { DeBugInfo dbi = (DeBugInfo)a; if (null != dbi) { Console.WriteLine("Bug no: {0}, for Method: {1}", dbi.BugNo, m.Name); Console.WriteLine("Developer: {0}", dbi.Developer); Console.WriteLine("Last Reviewed: {0}", dbi.LastReview); Console.WriteLine("Remarks: {0}", dbi.Message); } } } Console.ReadLine(); } } } ``` 當上面的代碼被編譯和執行時,它會產生下列結果: ``` Length: 4.5 Width: 7.5 Area: 33.75 Bug No: 49 Developer: Nuha Ali Last Reviewed: 10/10/2012 Remarks: Unused variable Bug No: 45 Developer: Zara Ali Last Reviewed: 12/8/2012 Remarks: Return type mismatch Bug No: 55, for Method: GetArea Developer: Zara Ali Last Reviewed: 19/10/2012 Remarks: Return type mismatch Bug No: 56, for Method: Display Developer: Zara Ali Last Reviewed: 19/10/2012 Remarks: ```
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