nginx · 學習筆記

1.下載源碼包,官網找最新穩定版本 ``` wget http://nginx.org//download/nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz ``` 也可以直接官網下載到PC本地 xshell 使用rz命令上傳或是ftp上傳 2.解壓.通常下載到/usr/local/src ,直接解壓到該目錄,用來專門放置安裝壓縮包和解壓源碼 3.配置參數. ``` ./configure --help #查看可以設置哪些參數 ``` 其中 --prefix=install_path 這個參數是指定 make install的時候軟件安裝的目錄 4.編譯 ``` make [按照Makefile生成模塊] ``` 5.安裝 ``` make install ``` ###以nginx為例 1.基礎概念和依賴 nginx安裝可以使用yum或源碼安裝，推薦使用源碼，一是yum的版本比較舊，二是使用源碼可以自定義功能，方便業務的上的使用，源碼安裝需要提前準備標準的編譯器，GCC的全稱是（GNU Compiler collection），其有GNU開發，并以GPL即LGPL許可，是自由的類UNIX即蘋果電腦Mac OS X操作系統的標準編譯器，因為GCC原本只能處理C語言，所以原名為GNU C語言編譯器，后來得到快速發展，可以處理C++,Fortran，pascal，objective-C，java以及Ada等其他語言，此外還需要Automake工具，以完成自動創建Makefile的工作，Nginx的一些模塊需要依賴第三方庫，比如pcre（支持rewrite），zlib（支持gzip模塊）和openssl（支持ssl模塊）官網http://nginx.org/en/download.html下載最新穩定版本到本地本例子登錄Xshell連接服務器[阿里云ECS] ``` yum install lrzsz #用來使用rz命令 cd /usr/local/src #進入用戶編譯安裝源碼目錄 rz # rz是代表上傳會彈出window的選擇文件窗口,找到上面步驟下載的壓縮包,確定后會下載到當前目錄下 yum install gcc gcc-c++ automake pcre pcre-devel zlip zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel # 安裝nginx的編譯依賴 ``` 2.解壓 ``` tar -vxf nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz # 解壓到當前目錄 ll #查看解壓后的當前目錄下的所有文件 # 主要目的看解壓后的文件名,一般為去掉壓縮為后綴的文件名,此處為nginx-1.16.0 cd nginx-1.16.0 ``` 3.配置編譯安裝參數[如果想自己管理自己的軟件安裝,注意配置--prefix=你管理自己編譯安裝軟件的目錄路徑] ``` ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi --with-pcre ``` 4.make [編譯] ``` 我在這里出現兩個問題 . 解決方案應該都在編譯前就執行 >編譯參數指定了用戶和用戶組如果不存在會報錯所以要先創建nginx用戶 > adduser nginx > groupadd nginx >編譯參數指定了日志目錄可能該目錄目錄路徑沒有可寫權限比如日志放在 /var/log/nginx/下但是 /var 目錄不可寫會導致安裝報錯 ``` 5.make install [安裝] 此文章僅為學習記錄,原文章步驟非常詳細和好理解,見https://www.cnblogs.com/zhang-shijie/p/5294162.html 后續使用 ``` /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx #啟動nginx,通常沒有輸出任何信息,且下一步滿足即成功 #遭遇了netstat -ntlp #查看網絡連接進程,看到nginx進程即為成功, # 如果 -bash: netstate: command not found 則 yum install net-tools #在瀏覽器輸入服務器IP或解析過的域名 #會顯示/usr/local/nginx/html/index.html ``` 啟動過程可能會提示/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid 不存在或是不是一個文件之類的提示建議調整配置文件/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf里的pid參數,指定/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid [記得先創建logs目錄] 設置為開機自啟創建nginx啟動命令腳本 ``` vim /etc/init.d/nginx #內容如下 ``` 插入以下內容, 注意修改PATH和NAME字段, 匹配自己的安裝路徑 (這段是從網上copy的) 不過查看了相關參數,跟我的編譯參數完全匹配 ``` #! /bin/bash # Startup script for the nginx Web Server # chkconfig: - 85 15 # description: nginx is a World Wide Web server. It is used to serve PATH=/usr/local/nginx DESC="nginx daemon" NAME=nginx DAEMON=$PATH/sbin/$NAME CONFIGFILE=$PATH/conf/$NAME.conf PIDFILE=$PATH/logs/$NAME.pid SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME set -e [ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0 do_start() { $DAEMON -c $CONFIGFILE || echo -n "nginx already running" } do_stop() { $DAEMON -s stop || echo -n "nginx not running" } do_reload() { $DAEMON -s reload || echo -n "nginx can't reload" } case "$1" in start) echo -n "Starting $DESC: $NAME" do_start echo "." ;; stop) echo -n "Stopping $DESC: $NAME" do_stop echo "." ;; reload|graceful) echo -n "Reloading $DESC configuration..." do_reload echo "." ;; restart) echo -n "Restarting $DESC: $NAME" do_stop do_start echo "." ;; *) echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|reload|restart}" >&2 exit 3 ;; esac exit 0 ``` 設置執行權限 ``` chmod a+x /etc/init.d/nginx ``` 注冊成服務 ``` chkconfig --add nginx ``` 設置開機啟動 ``` chkconfig nginx on ``` 重啟, 查看驗證nginx服務是否自動啟動 ``` #重啟 reboot #或 shutdown -h 0 -r #查看進程 ps aux | grep nginx #或 netstat -nplt | grep nginx ``` 對nginx服務執行停止/啟動/重新讀取配置文件操作 ``` #啟動nginx服務 systemctl start nginx.service #停止nginx服務 systemctl stop nginx.service #重啟nginx服務 systemctl restart nginx.service #重新讀取nginx配置(這個最常用, 不用停止nginx服務就能使修改的配置生效) systemctl reload nginx.service ``` 成功   # 配置將請求轉發給php-fpm處理 php-fpm的默認端口號是9000 主配置 ``` user www; worker_processes 1; error_log logs/error.log; error_log logs/error.log notice; error_log logs/error.log info; pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; #開啟所有的虛擬主機目錄可訪問，想要僅指定的主機的目錄可訪問去對應的server下配置 #autoindex on； #autoindex_exact_size off; ##autoindex_exact_size off; #虛擬主機配置自動加載 include /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.vhost/*.conf; server { listen 80; server_name localhost; #charset koi8-r; #access_log logs/host.access.log main; location / { root html; index index.html index.htm; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ \.php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # #location ~ \.php$ { # root html; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # fastcgi_index index.php; # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; # include fastcgi_params; #} # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # #location ~ /\.ht { # deny all; #} } # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration # #server { # listen 8000; # listen somename:8080; # server_name somename alias another.alias; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} # HTTPS server # #server { # listen 443 ssl; # server_name localhost; # ssl_certificate cert.pem; # ssl_certificate_key cert.key; # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m; # ssl_session_timeout 5m; # ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} } ``` 虛擬主機配置 ``` # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration # server { charset utf-8; listen 80; server_name blog.54skyer.cn; set $root /home/www/blog.54skyer.cn/public; root $root; #root /home/www/blog.54skyer.cn/public; index index.php index.html; location /zhanghaotian/ { autoindex on; } location / { # 如果根目錄下匹配不是腳本默認在根目錄后拼一個index.php 這是為了在url中省略index.php if (!-e $request_filename){ rewrite ^(.*) /index.php/$1 last; break; } } #pathinfo配置使支持tp5的標準url location ~ .+\.php($|/) { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_split_path_info ^((?U).+.php)(/?.+)$; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info; fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED $document_root$fastcgi_path_info; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } # 匹配到php擴展名的url #location ~\.php$ { # include /usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi.conf; # fastcgi_intercept_errors on; # #轉發給php-fpm，其端口是9000; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; #} } # HTTPS server # #server { # listen 443 ssl; # server_name localhost; # ssl_certificate cert.pem; # ssl_certificate_key cert.key; # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m; # ssl_session_timeout 5m; # ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} ```