php · 學習筆記

1.官網下載最新版本,移動到官網下載頁面：[https://www.php.net/downloads.php](https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.php.net%2Fdownloads.php%23v7.3.5)。鼠標移動到要下載的版本超鏈接文案，審查頁面元素獲取鏈接。這里以7.3.8為例：https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.3.8.tar.gz ``` wget -P /usr/local/src/ https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.3.8.tar.gz // -P參數用來指定下載到哪個目錄下 ``` 2.配置編譯參數，比如官方擴展庫的安裝與否，安裝文件，配置文件等的路徑等等。 ./configure --help 會有所有參數的作用解釋網上有中文翻譯版。以下版本為網上借鑒，并實踐后解決了其中的部分錯誤后整理所得。 ``` > useradd www > groupadd www ``` ``` ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \ --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php7 \ --with-fpm-user=www \ --with-fpm-group=www \ --with-curl=/usr/local/php7/curl \ --with-openssl-dir=/usr/local/php7/openssl \ --with-openssl \ --enable-sockets \ --enable-fpm \ --enable-cli \ --enable-mbstring \ --enable-pcntl \ --enable-soap \ --enable-opcache \ --enable-fileinfo \ --disable-rpath \ --enable-mysqlnd \ --with-mysqli \ --with-pdo-mysql \ --with-iconv-dir \ --with-mhash \ --with-gd=no \ --with-jpeg-dir \ --with-png-dir \ --with-freetype-dir \ --enable-zip \ --with-zlib \ --enable-simplexml \ --with-libxml-dir //配置檢查過程中會報各種： #1 configure: error: libxml2 not found. Please check your libxml2 installation. yum install libxml2 libxml2-devel //那么缺什么庫就使用yum安裝，然后再執行上面的編譯配置 #2 configure: error: Cannot find OpenSSL's <evp.h> yum install openssl openssl-devel //依然報上面的錯誤改--with-openssl=/usr/local/php7/openssl => --with-openssl=/usr/local/php7/openssl-dir #3 configure: error: Please reinstall the libzip distribution yum install libzip libzip-devel #4 checking for libzip... configure: error: system libzip must be upgraded to version >= 0.11 yum remove -y libzip //移除舊版本的libzip庫，源碼安裝最新版本（需要cmake） yum install wget wget -P /usr/local/src/ https://libzip.org/download/libzip-1.5.2.tar.gz cd /usr/local/src/ tar -vxf libzip-1.5.2.tar.gz cd libzip-1.5.2 mkdir build && cd build && cmake .. && make && make install #5 CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:4 (CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED): #6 CMake 3.0.2 or higher is required. You are running version 2.8.12.2 yum remove -y cmake wget -P /usr/local/src/ https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.15.2/cmake-3.15.2.tar.gz cd /usr/local/src/ tar -vxf cmake-3.15.2.tar.gz cd cmake-3.15.2 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/cmake-3.15.2 make make install // 我在cmke的編譯過程中沒有遇到報錯。最后檢測 cmake --version #7 -bash: /usr/bin/cmake: No such file or directory ln -s /usr/local/cmake-3.15.2/bin/cmake /usr/bin/cmake //再執行cmake --version 顯示cmake version 3.15.2 vim /root/.bashrc # 增加別名定義 alias cmake='/usr/local/cmake-3.15.2/bin/cmake'保存 source /root/.bashrc //立刻生效配置 //那么我們再回到libzip的cmake安裝把問題#4 下的方案在執行一遍 cd /usr/local/src/libzip-1.5.2 rm -rf build mkdir build && cd build cmake .. #8 -- Could NOT find NETTLE (missing: NETTLE_LIBRARY NETTLE_INCLUDE_DIR) #-- Could NOT find GnuTLS (missing: GNUTLS_LIBRARY GNUTLS_INCLUDE_DIR) #-- Could NOT find BZip2 (missing: BZIP2_LIBRARIES BZIP2_INCLUDE_DIR) #CMake Warning at CMakeLists.txt:218 (MESSAGE): # -- bzip2 library not found; bzip2 support disabled #-- Configuring done #-- Generating done #-- Build files have been written to: /usr/local/src/libzip-1.5.2/bulid yum install bzip2 bzip2-devel //再來一次 make ..少了Cmake警告那兩個無法找到的庫好像是用來加密的網上資料很少我無視直接編譯安裝了 make make install // 成功再回到php配置編譯參數執行 #9 configure: error: off_t undefined; check your library configuration vim /etc/ld.so.conf //添加內容 /usr/local/lib64 /usr/local/lib /usr/lib /usr/lib64 //保存并退出 :wq ldconfig -v # 使之生效成功再回到php配置編譯參數執行 #10 configure: error: Cannot find OpenSSL's <evp.h> //這個問題又出現了蛋疼 //網上看了半天沒有解決方案最后又加了一行 --with-openssl \ 就好了真他媽神奇看來編譯配置參數的解釋要去好好看看 #11 # configure: error: Please reinstall the libcurl // yum -y install curl-devel ```   3 編譯和安裝 ``` make test // 結果運行了很久最后報告顯示還有不少測試錯誤以為出問題了也不知道怎么處理 //后來網上說只要配置參數部分成功完成這步可以忽略有寫測試指標依賴于環境主要是給官方做免費測試用的 make && make install //出現以下結果為編譯成功 Build complete. Don't forget to run 'make test'. Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/php7/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20180731/ Installing PHP CLI binary: /usr/local/php7/bin/ Installing PHP CLI man page: /usr/local/php7/php/man/man1/ Installing PHP FPM binary: /usr/local/php7/sbin/ Installing PHP FPM defconfig: /usr/local/php7/etc/ Installing PHP FPM man page: /usr/local/php7/php/man/man8/ Installing PHP FPM status page: /usr/local/php7/php/php/fpm/ Installing phpdbg binary: /usr/local/php7/bin/ Installing phpdbg man page: /usr/local/php7/php/man/man1/ Installing PHP CGI binary: /usr/local/php7/bin/ Installing PHP CGI man page: /usr/local/php7/php/man/man1/ Installing build environment: /usr/local/php7/lib/php/build/ Installing header files: /usr/local/php7/include/php/ Installing helper programs: /usr/local/php7/bin/ program: phpize program: php-config Installing man pages: /usr/local/php7/php/man/man1/ page: phpize.1 page: php-config.1 Installing PEAR environment: /usr/local/php7/lib/php/ [PEAR] Archive_Tar - installed: 1.4.7 [PEAR] Console_Getopt - installed: 1.4.2 [PEAR] Structures_Graph- installed: 1.1.1 [PEAR] XML_Util - installed: 1.4.3 [PEAR] PEAR - installed: 1.10.9 Wrote PEAR system config file at: /usr/local/php7/etc/pear.conf You may want to add: /usr/local/php7/lib/php to your php.ini include_path /usr/local/src/php-7.3.8/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /usr/local/php7/bin ln -s -f phar.phar /usr/local/php7/bin/phar Installing PDO headers: /usr/local/php7/include/php/ext/pdo/ ```   4 添加PHP命令目錄到環境變量有點類似于類的自動加載，輸入php 則會在環境變量里的目錄查找是否有php這個執行文件，如果有就直接執行，達到php 替代 /usr/local/php7/bin/php 的簡化作用 ``` vim /etc/profile //在文件末尾加入 PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/php7/bin/ export PATH //保存并退出 source /etc/profile //立刻生效配置 //測試php命令 php -v //顯示以下為成功這樣 PHP 7.3.8 (cli) (built: Aug 11 2019 18:55:14) ( NTS ) Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group Zend Engine v3.3.8, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies ```   5.配置php-fpm ``` // 復制php.ini到編譯配置參數指定的目錄。php.ini在解壓的源碼目錄里 cp /usr/local/src/php-7.3.8/php.ini-production /usr/local/php7/php.ini // 復制一份php-fpm的配置模版文件到同級目錄方便備份和修改 cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf // 復制一份php-fpm的擴展配置模板文件到同級目錄方便備份和修改 cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf // 復制開啟自起腳本到系統啟動自動加載腳本目錄。fpm/init.d.php-fpm在解壓的源碼目錄里 cp /usr/local/src/php-7.3.8/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm // 使開機自起腳本可被任何權限角色執行 chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm ``` 6.關于配置文件的一些說明參考：https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaozong/p/5724984.html php-fpm.conf是PHP-FPM特有的配置文件 php.ini是所有php模式中必須的配置文件兩者的區別是，php-fpm.conf是PHP-FPM進程管理器的配置文件，php.ini是PHP解析器的配置文件有的PHP版本的配置文件路徑中還有/fpm.d/www.conf配置文件這是php-fpm.conf配置的文件的擴展文件，可以打開php-fpm.conf文件查看 ; include=fpm.d/*.conf 我們可以使用php-fpm.conf配置慢日志我們是可以開啟慢日志功能的。 slowlog = /usr/local/var/log/php-fpm.log.slow request_slowlog_timeout = 5s ``` > mkdir -p /usr/local/var/log/ > touch /usr/local/var/log/php-fpm.log.slow > chmod -R 0777 /usr/local/var/log ``` 不這樣后面啟動php-fpm會失敗因為安裝php時編譯參數指定了php-fpm使用www賬戶當某個請求的時間超過了5秒，就會在慢日志中記錄相應的記錄，注意上面的時間5s，不能忽略了單位，相應的還有其他單位，m分，h時(當然，這這樣做太扯淡了) php-fpm慢日志會記錄下進程號，腳本名稱，具體哪個文件哪行代碼的哪個函數執行時間過長： [21-Nov-2016 10:30:38] [pool www] pid 11877 script_filename = /var/www/ceshi/c.php [0xb70fb88c] sleep() /var/www/ceshi/c.php:2 通過日志，我們就可以知道第2行的sleep 函數有點問題，這樣我們就能追蹤問題了。   7.php.ini的絕對路徑獲取 ``` php --ini ```   8.擴展安裝檢查 ``` php -m ```