## 元素的定位與交互
Appium 支持 WebDriver 定位策略的子集:
* 通過 "class" 查找 (例如, UI 組件的類型)
* 通過 "xpath" 查找 (例如, 一個元素的路徑以抽象的方式去表達,具有一定的約束)
你可以查看關于以上的列表,[選擇器策略](../commands/element/find-elements.md#selector-strategies)。
Appium 還額外支持部分 [Mobile JSON Wire Protocol](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/mobile-spec/blob/master/spec-draft.md) 的定位策略。
* `-ios predicate string`:相當于使用 [iOS Predicate](../writing-running-appium/ios/ios-predicate.md) 去遞歸地搜索元素(iOS 10.0 及以上版本)
* `-ios uiautomation` 用于 iOS 9.3 及以下版本
* `-android uiautomator`:相當于使用 [UiAutomator Api](../writing-running-appium/android/uiautomator-uiselector.md) 去遞歸地搜索元素(Android 專屬)
* `-android datamatcher`:相當于一個 [Espresso DataMatcher json](../writing-running-appium/android/espresso-datamatcher-selector.md) (Android 專屬)
* `accessibility id`:該字符串相當于利用原生的可訪問性(Accessibility)選項,使用 Id / Name 去遞歸地搜索元素。
最后,Appium 支持幾個額外的實驗性定位策略:
* `-image`: 字符串對應圖像的 base64 編碼版本,Appium 將使用該字符串作為模板來查找匹配的屏幕區域,然后將其視為元素點擊。關于該定位器策略的更多信息,請參見文檔 [定位圖像中的元素](../advanced-concepts/image-elements.md)。
* `-custom`: 該字符串將被發送到一個通過 `customFindModules` 功能注冊的元素定位插件。關于該定位器策略的更多信息,請參見文檔 [用于定位元素的插件](../advanced-concepts/element-finding-plugins.md)。
### 已知問題
在我們要與表格 cell 元素進行交互之前,元素便已失效,這是已知的問題。我們正在修復它。
### 使用 Appium Desktop 去找出元素的位置
Appium 提供了一個簡潔的工具,供你查找要定位的元素。使用 [Appium Desktop](https://github.com/appium/appium-desktop),你可以通過單擊屏幕截圖上的元素或在源代碼樹進行定位,找到任何元素及其定位器。
### 概述
Appium Desktop 有一個簡潔的布局,由源代碼樹、屏幕截圖、記錄和刷新按鈕、交互工具構成。

### 示例
啟動 Appium Desktop 并開始會話后,可以定位任何元素。在這個測試中,我正在尋找「Compute Sum」按鈕的 accessibility id。
為了尋找「Compute Sum」按鈕的 accessibility id,我在屏幕截圖中單擊「Compute Sum」按鈕。該元素會在源代碼樹中高亮突出顯示。我可以在右邊的面板中看到 accessibility id。

### REPL
[REPL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read%E2%80%93eval%E2%80%93print_loop) 是一個簡單的交互式語言外殼。你可以交互式地調用各種命令。它將幫助你確保場景與 Appium 服務器交互。
- [Appium Ruby Console](https://github.com/appium/ruby_console)
- [WebDriverIO with debug mode](https://webdriver.io/docs/api/browser/debug.html)
- 關于TesterHome和MTSC
- 關于Appium
- 簡介
- Appium 客戶端
- 入門指南
- 已支持的平臺
- API 文檔
- Appium驅動
- XCUITest (iOS)
- XCUITest Real Devices (iOS)
- UIAutomation (iOS)
- UIAutomation Safari Launcher (iOS)
- UIAutomator (Android)
- UIAutomator2 (Android)
- Espresso (Android)
- Windows
- Mac
- Appium命令
- Status
- Execute Mobile Command
- Session
- Create
- End
- Get Session Capabilities
- Go Back
- Screenshot
- Source
- Timeouts
- Timeouts
- Implicit Wait
- Async Script
- Orientation
- Get Orientation
- Set Orientation
- Geolocation
- Get Geolocation
- Set Geolocation
- Logs
- Get Log Types
- Get Logs
- Events
- Log event
- Get events
- Settings
- Update Settings
- Get Device Settings
- Settings
- Update Settings
- Get Device Settings
- Execute Driver Script
- Device
- Activity
- Start Activity
- Current Activity
- Current Package
- App
- Install App
- Is App Installed
- Launch App
- Background App
- Close App
- Reset App
- Remove App
- Activate App
- Terminate App
- Get App State
- Get App Strings
- End Test Coverage
- Clipboard
- Get Clipboard
- Set Clipboard
- Emulator
- Power AC
- Power Capacity
- Files
- Push File
- Pull File
- Pull Folder
- Interactions
- Shake
- Lock
- Unlock
- Is Locked
- Rotate
- Keys
- Press keycode
- Long press keycode
- Hide Keyboard
- Is Keyboard Shown
- Network
- Toggle Airplane Mode
- Toggle Data
- Toggle WiFi
- Toggle Location Services
- Send SMS
- GSM Call
- GSM Signal
- GSM Voice
- Network Speed
- Performance Data
- Get Performance Data
- Performance Data Types
- Screen Recording
- Start Screen Recording
- Stop Screen Recording
- Simulator
- Perform Touch ID
- Toggle Touch ID Enrollment
- System
- Open Notifications
- System Bars
- System Time
- Display density
- Authentication
- Finger Print
- Element
- Find Element
- Find Elements
- Actions
- Click
- Send Keys
- Clear
- Attributes
- Text
- Name
- Attribute
- Selected
- Enabled
- Displayed
- Location
- Size
- Rect
- CSS Property
- Location in View
- Other
- Submit
- Active Element
- Equals Element
- Context
- Get Context
- Get All Contexts
- Set Context
- Interactions
- Mouse
- Move To
- Click
- Double Click
- Button Down
- Button Up
- Touch
- Single Tap
- Double Tap
- Move
- Touch Down
- Touch Up
- Long Press
- Scroll
- Flick
- Multi Touch Perform
- Touch Perform
- W3C Actions
- Web
- Window
- Set Window
- Close Window
- Get Handle
- Get Handles
- Get Title
- Get Window Size
- Set Window Size
- Get Window Position
- Set Window Position
- Maximize Window
- Navigation
- Go to URL
- Get URL
- Back
- Forward
- Refresh
- Storage
- Get All Cookies
- Set Cookie
- Delete Cookie
- Delete All Cookies
- Frame
- Switch to Frame
- Switch to Parent Frame
- Execute Async
- Execute
- 編寫 & 運行Appium腳本
- Running Tests
- Desired Capabilities
- The --default-capabilities flag
- Finding Elements
- Touch Actions
- CLI Arguments
- Server Security
- Web/Web Views
- Mobile Web Testing
- Automating Hybrid Apps
- Using ios-webkit-debug-proxy
- Using Chromedriver
- Image Comparison
- iOS
- Low-Level Insights on iOS Input Events
- XCUITest Mobile Gestures
- XCUITest Mobile App Management
- iOS Pasteboard Guide
- iOS Predicate Guide
- iOS Touch ID Guide
- iOS Install Certificate
- tvOS support
- Pushing/Pulling files
- Audio Capture
- Android
- Low-Level Insights on Android Input Events
- UiSelector Guide
- Espresso Datamatcher Guide
- Android Code Coverage Guide
- Activities Startup Troubleshooting Guide
- How To Execute Shell Commands On The Remote Device
- Android Device Screen Streaming
- How To Emulate IME Actions Generation
- How To Test Android App Bundle
- Other
- Reset Strategies
- Network Connection Guide
- Using Unicode with Appium
- Troubleshooting
- Tutorial
- Swipe Tutorial
- Screen
- Element
- Partial screen
- Simple
- Multiple scroll views
- Add scroll layout
- Tricks and Tips
- Screen
- Element
- Element search
- Fast
- Slow
- Guide
- 進階概念
- 定位圖像中的元素
- 使用定位元素的插件
- 遷移到 XCUITest
- 在 Appium 中使用 Selenium Grid
- Appium Logs Filtering
- 跨域 iframes
- 使用自定義 WDA 服務器
- 使用不同版本的 Xcode 運行
- The Event Timings API
- 并行測試的設置
- The Settings API
- Memory Collection
- 向Appium項目做貢獻
- 從源代碼運行 Appium
- 開發者概述
- 標準開發命令
- Appium 風格指南
- 如何編寫文檔
- Appium 包結構
- 鳴謝