## 安裝配置 Sysstat ## 安裝 Sysstat 包 ~~~bash ### Ubuntu sudo apt-get install sysstat ### CentOS yum install sysstat ### CentOS rpm -ivh sysstat-10.0.0-1.i586.rpm ~~~ ## 源碼安裝 Sysstat **從 sysstat 下載頁下載最新版本** ~~~bash wget http://pagesperso-orange.fr/sebastien.godard/sysstat-10.0.0.tar.bz2 tar xvfj sysstat-10.0.0.tar.bz2 cd sysstat-10.0.0 ./configure --enable-install-cron ~~~ 注意：請編譯的時候確保使用 --enable-install-cron 選項，因為它會自動幫你做以下事情，如果沒有使用這個選項，需要你手工處理以下事情 ~~~bash 創建 /etc/rc.d/init.d/sysstat 從 /etc/rc.d/rc*.d/ 目錄創建軟連接到 /etc/rc.d/init.d/sysstat 以便 linux 啟動的時候自動啟動 sysstat 比如，/etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S01sysstat 被自動鏈接到 /etc/rc.d/init.d/sysstat ~~~ 然后在執行 ./configure 后，執行以下步驟安裝。 ~~~bash make make install ~~~ 注意：這將把 sar 以及其他的 systat 工具放在 /usr/local/bin 目錄下。 一旦安裝完成后，可以使用 sar -V 命令查看 sar 版本。 ~~~bash $ sar -V sysstat version 10.0.0 (C) Sebastien Godard (sysstat orange.fr) ~~~ 確保 sar 可以正常工作，以下示例給出了系統 CPU 統計數據 3 次（1 秒一次） ~~~bash $ sar 1 3 Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db) 03/26/2011 _i686_ (8 CPU) 01:27:32 PM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 01:27:33 PM all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 01:27:34 PM all 0.25 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.00 99.50 01:27:35 PM all 0.75 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.00 99.00 Average: all 0.33 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 99.50 ~~~ ## Sysstat 工具列表 ~~~bash sar - 收集和展示系統的所有活動數據統計。 sadc - 代表“系統活動數據收集器”。這個是 sar 用于數據收集的后臺工具。 sa1 - 存儲系統活動數據在二進制文件中。sa1 依賴于 sadc。sa1 運行在定時任務中。 sa2 - 創建收集的日總結報告。sa2 在定時任務中運行。 sadf - 可以以 CSV，XML，和其他各種格式生成 sar 報告。 iostat - 生成 CPU，I/O 統計數據。 mpstat - 展示 CPU 統計數據。 pidstat - 基于線程 PID 報告統計數據。 nfsiostat - 展示 NFS I/O 統計數據。 cifsiostat - 生成 CIFS 統計數據。 ~~~ ## 使用定時任務收集 sar 統計數據 在 /etc/cron.d 目錄創建 sysstat 文件來收集和歸檔 sar 數據 ~~~bash # vi /etc/cron.d/sysstat */10 * * * * root /usr/local/lib/sa/sa1 1 1 53 23 * * * root /usr/local/lib/sa/sa2 -A ~~~ 如果你是通過源碼安裝的，sa1 和 sa2 的默認位置為 /usr/local/lib/sa。如果你使用包管理器安裝（如 yum, up2date, 或者 apt-get），可能位于 /usr/lib/sa/sa1 和 /usr/lib/sa/sa2。 為了理解定時任務，請讀 Linux Crontab: 15 Awesome Cron Job Examples。 ## /usr/local/lib/sa/sa1 ~~~bash This runs every 10 minutes and collects sar data for historical reference. If you want to collect sar statistics every 5 minutes, change /10 to /5 in the above /etc/cron.d/sysstat file. This writes the data to /var/log/sa/saXX file. XX is the day of the month. saXX file is a binary file. You cannot view its content by opening it in a text editor. For example, If today is 26th day of the month, sa1 writes the sar data to /var/log/sa/sa26 You can pass two parameters to sa1: interval (in seconds) and count. In the above crontab example: sa1 1 1 means that sa1 collects sar data 1 time with 1 second interval (for every 10 mins). ~~~ ## /usr/local/lib/sa/sa2 ~~~bash This runs close to midnight (at 23:53) to create the daily summary report of the sar data. sa2 creates /var/log/sa/sarXX file (Note that this is different than saXX file that is created by sa1). This sarXX file created by sa2 is an ascii file that you can view it in a text editor. This will also remove saXX files that are older than a week. So, write a quick shell script that runs every week to copy the /var/log/sa/* files to some other directory to do historical sar data analysis. ~~~ ## 10 個 Sar 實踐示例 ## 所有 CPU 的 CPU 利用率 ~~~bash $ sar -u 1 3 Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db) 03/26/2011 _i686_ (8 CPU) 01:27:32 PM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 01:27:33 PM all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 01:27:34 PM all 0.25 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.00 99.50 01:27:35 PM all 0.75 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.00 99.00 Average: all 0.33 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 99.50 ~~~ sar -u Displays CPU usage for the current day that was collected until that point. sar -u 1 3 Displays real time CPU usage every 1 second for 3 times. sar -u ALL Same as “sar -u” but displays additional fields. sar -u ALL 1 3 Same as “sar -u 1 3″ but displays additional fields. sar -u -f /var/log/sa/sa10 Displays CPU usage for the 10day of the month from the sa10 file. ## 獨立 CPU 的 CPU 利用率 ~~~bash $ sar -P ALL 1 1 Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db) 03/26/2011 _i686_ (8 CPU) 01:34:12 PM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 01:34:13 PM all 11.69 0.00 4.71 0.69 0.00 82.90 01:34:13 PM 0 35.00 0.00 6.00 0.00 0.00 59.00 01:34:13 PM 1 22.00 0.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 73.00 01:34:13 PM 2 3.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 96.00 01:34:13 PM 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 $ sar -P 1 1 1 Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db) 03/26/2011 _i686_ (8 CPU) 01:36:25 PM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 01:36:26 PM 1 8.08 0.00 2.02 1.01 0.00 88.89 ~~~ sar -P ALL Displays CPU usage broken down by all cores for the current day. sar -P ALL 1 3 Displays real time CPU usage for ALL cores every 1 second for 3 times (broken down by all cores). sar -P 1 Displays CPU usage for core number 1 for the current day. sar -P 1 1 3 Displays real time CPU usage for core number 1, every 1 second for 3 times. sar -P ALL -f /var/log/sa/sa10 Displays CPU usage broken down by all cores for the 10day day of the month from sa10 file. ## 內存空閑和使用率 ~~~bash $ sar -r 1 3 Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db) 03/26/2011 _i686_ (8 CPU) 07:28:06 AM kbmemfree kbmemused %memused kbbuffers kbcached kbcommit %commit kbactive kbinact 07:28:07 AM 6209248 2097432 25.25 189024 1796544 141372 0.85 1921060 88204 07:28:08 AM 6209248 2097432 25.25 189024 1796544 141372 0.85 1921060 88204 07:28:09 AM 6209248 2097432 25.25 189024 1796544 141372 0.85 1921060 88204 Average: 6209248 2097432 25.25 189024 1796544 141372 0.85 1921060 88204 ~~~ sar -r sar -r 1 3 sar -r -f /var/log/sa/sa10 ## 已使用的 Swap 空間 ~~~bash $ sar -S 1 3 Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db) 03/26/2011 _i686_ (8 CPU) 07:31:06 AM kbswpfree kbswpused %swpused kbswpcad %swpcad 07:31:07 AM 8385920 0 0.00 0 0.00 07:31:08 AM 8385920 0 0.00 0 0.00 07:31:09 AM 8385920 0 0.00 0 0.00 Average: 8385920 0 0.00 0 0.00 ~~~ sar -S sar -S 1 3 sar -S -f /var/log/sa/sa10 ## 綜合 I/O 活動數據 tps – Transactions per second (this includes both read and write) rtps – Read transactions per second wtps – Write transactions per second bread/s – Bytes read per second bwrtn/s – Bytes written per second ~~~bash $ sar -b 1 3 Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db) 03/26/2011 _i686_ (8 CPU) 01:56:28 PM tps rtps wtps bread/s bwrtn/s 01:56:29 PM 346.00 264.00 82.00 2208.00 768.00 01:56:30 PM 100.00 36.00 64.00 304.00 816.00 01:56:31 PM 282.83 32.32 250.51 258.59 2537.37 Average: 242.81 111.04 131.77 925.75 1369.90 ~~~ sar -b sar -b 1 3 sar -b -f /var/log/sa/sa10 ## 獨立的塊設備 I/O 活動數據 ~~~bash $ sar -d 1 1 Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db) 03/26/2011 _i686_ (8 CPU) 01:59:45 PM DEV tps rd_sec/s wr_sec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util 01:59:46 PM dev8-0 1.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 1.00 0.10 01:59:46 PM dev8-1 1.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 1.00 0.10 01:59:46 PM dev120-64 3.03 64.65 0.00 21.33 0.03 9.33 5.33 1.62 01:59:46 PM dev120-65 3.03 64.65 0.00 21.33 0.03 9.33 5.33 1.62 01:59:46 PM dev120-0 8.08 0.00 105.05 13.00 0.00 0.38 0.38 0.30 01:59:46 PM dev120-1 8.08 0.00 105.05 13.00 0.00 0.38 0.38 0.30 01:59:46 PM dev120-96 1.01 8.08 0.00 8.00 0.01 9.00 9.00 0.91 01:59:46 PM dev120-97 1.01 8.08 0.00 8.00 0.01 9.00 9.00 0.91 ~~~ 加 -p 選項顯示實際的設備名字 ~~~bash $ sar -p -d 1 1 Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db) 03/26/2011 _i686_ (8 CPU) 01:59:45 PM DEV tps rd_sec/s wr_sec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util 01:59:46 PM sda 1.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 1.00 0.10 01:59:46 PM sda1 1.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 1.00 0.10 01:59:46 PM sdb1 3.03 64.65 0.00 21.33 0.03 9.33 5.33 1.62 01:59:46 PM sdc1 3.03 64.65 0.00 21.33 0.03 9.33 5.33 1.62 01:59:46 PM sde1 8.08 0.00 105.05 13.00 0.00 0.38 0.38 0.30 01:59:46 PM sdf1 8.08 0.00 105.05 13.00 0.00 0.38 0.38 0.30 01:59:46 PM sda2 1.01 8.08 0.00 8.00 0.01 9.00 9.00 0.91 01:59:46 PM sdb2 1.01 8.08 0.00 8.00 0.01 9.00 9.00 0.91 ~~~ sar -d sar -d 1 3 sar -d -f /var/log/sa/sa10 sar -p -d ## 展示每秒上下文切換 ~~~bash $ sar -w 1 3 Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db) 03/26/2011 _i686_ (8 CPU) 08:32:24 AM proc/s cswch/s 08:32:25 AM 3.00 53.00 08:32:26 AM 4.00 61.39 08:32:27 AM 2.00 57.00 ~~~ sar -w sar -w 1 3 sar -w -f /var/log/sa/sa10 ## 運行隊列和系統負載報告 ~~~bash $ sar -q 1 3 Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db) 03/26/2011 _i686_ (8 CPU) 06:28:53 AM runq-sz plist-sz ldavg-1 ldavg-5 ldavg-15 blocked 06:28:54 AM 0 230 2.00 3.00 5.00 0 06:28:55 AM 2 210 2.01 3.15 5.15 0 06:28:56 AM 2 230 2.12 3.12 5.12 0 Average: 3 230 3.12 3.12 5.12 0 ~~~ sar -q sar -q 1 3 sar -q -f /var/log/sa/sa10 ## 網絡統計報告 ~~~bash sar -n KEYWORD ~~~ KEYWORD 說明： ~~~bash DEV – Displays network devices vital statistics for eth0, eth1, etc., EDEV – Display network device failure statistics NFS – Displays NFS client activities NFSD – Displays NFS server activities SOCK – Displays sockets in use for IPv4 IP – Displays IPv4 network traffic EIP – Displays IPv4 network errors ICMP – Displays ICMPv4 network traffic EICMP – Displays ICMPv4 network errors TCP – Displays TCPv4 network traffic ETCP – Displays TCPv4 network errors UDP – Displays UDPv4 network traffic SOCK6, IP6, EIP6, ICMP6, UDP6 are for IPv6 ALL – This displays all of the above information. The output will be very long. ~~~ ~~~bash $ sar -n DEV 1 1 Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db) 03/26/2011 _i686_ (8 CPU) 01:11:13 PM IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxbyt/s txbyt/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s 01:11:14 PM lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:11:14 PM eth0 342.57 342.57 93923.76 141773.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:11:14 PM eth1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ~~~ ## 使用開始時間展示 sar 數據 ~~~bash $ sar -q -f /var/log/sa/sa23 -s 10:00:01 Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db) 03/26/2011 _i686_ (8 CPU) 10:00:01 AM runq-sz plist-sz ldavg-1 ldavg-5 ldavg-15 blocked 10:10:01 AM 0 127 2.00 3.00 5.00 0 10:20:01 AM 0 127 2.00 3.00 5.00 0 ... 11:20:01 AM 0 127 5.00 3.00 3.00 0 12:00:01 PM 0 127 4.00 2.00 1.00 0 ~~~