## 安裝配置 Sysstat
## 安裝 Sysstat 包
~~~bash
### Ubuntu
sudo apt-get install sysstat
### CentOS
yum install sysstat
### CentOS
rpm -ivh sysstat-10.0.0-1.i586.rpm
~~~
## 源碼安裝 Sysstat
**從 sysstat 下載頁下載最新版本**
~~~bash
wget http://pagesperso-orange.fr/sebastien.godard/sysstat-10.0.0.tar.bz2
tar xvfj sysstat-10.0.0.tar.bz2
cd sysstat-10.0.0
./configure --enable-install-cron
~~~
注意:請編譯的時候確保使用 --enable-install-cron 選項,因為它會自動幫你做以下事情,如果沒有使用這個選項,需要你手工處理以下事情
~~~bash
創建 /etc/rc.d/init.d/sysstat
從 /etc/rc.d/rc*.d/ 目錄創建軟連接到 /etc/rc.d/init.d/sysstat 以便 linux 啟動的時候自動啟動 sysstat
比如,/etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S01sysstat 被自動鏈接到 /etc/rc.d/init.d/sysstat
~~~
然后在執行 ./configure 后,執行以下步驟安裝。
~~~bash
make
make install
~~~
注意:這將把 sar 以及其他的 systat 工具放在 /usr/local/bin 目錄下。
一旦安裝完成后,可以使用 sar -V 命令查看 sar 版本。
~~~bash
$ sar -V
sysstat version 10.0.0
(C) Sebastien Godard (sysstat orange.fr)
~~~
確保 sar 可以正常工作,以下示例給出了系統 CPU 統計數據 3 次(1 秒一次)
~~~bash
$ sar 1 3
Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db) 03/26/2011 _i686_ (8 CPU)
01:27:32 PM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
01:27:33 PM all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
01:27:34 PM all 0.25 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.00 99.50
01:27:35 PM all 0.75 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.00 99.00
Average: all 0.33 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 99.50
~~~
## Sysstat 工具列表
~~~bash
sar - 收集和展示系統的所有活動數據統計。
sadc - 代表“系統活動數據收集器”。這個是 sar 用于數據收集的后臺工具。
sa1 - 存儲系統活動數據在二進制文件中。sa1 依賴于 sadc。sa1 運行在定時任務中。
sa2 - 創建收集的日總結報告。sa2 在定時任務中運行。
sadf - 可以以 CSV,XML,和其他各種格式生成 sar 報告。
iostat - 生成 CPU,I/O 統計數據。
mpstat - 展示 CPU 統計數據。
pidstat - 基于線程 PID 報告統計數據。
nfsiostat - 展示 NFS I/O 統計數據。
cifsiostat - 生成 CIFS 統計數據。
~~~
## 使用定時任務收集 sar 統計數據
在 /etc/cron.d 目錄創建 sysstat 文件來收集和歸檔 sar 數據
~~~bash
# vi /etc/cron.d/sysstat
*/10 * * * * root /usr/local/lib/sa/sa1 1 1
53 23 * * * root /usr/local/lib/sa/sa2 -A
~~~
如果你是通過源碼安裝的,sa1 和 sa2 的默認位置為 /usr/local/lib/sa。如果你使用包管理器安裝(如 yum, up2date, 或者 apt-get),可能位于 /usr/lib/sa/sa1 和 /usr/lib/sa/sa2。
為了理解定時任務,請讀 Linux Crontab: 15 Awesome Cron Job Examples。
## /usr/local/lib/sa/sa1
~~~bash
This runs every 10 minutes and collects sar data for historical reference.
If you want to collect sar statistics every 5 minutes, change /10 to /5 in the above /etc/cron.d/sysstat file.
This writes the data to /var/log/sa/saXX file. XX is the day of the month. saXX file is a binary file. You cannot view its content by opening it in a text editor.
For example, If today is 26th day of the month, sa1 writes the sar data to /var/log/sa/sa26
You can pass two parameters to sa1: interval (in seconds) and count.
In the above crontab example: sa1 1 1 means that sa1 collects sar data 1 time with 1 second interval (for every 10 mins).
~~~
## /usr/local/lib/sa/sa2
~~~bash
This runs close to midnight (at 23:53) to create the daily summary report of the sar data.
sa2 creates /var/log/sa/sarXX file (Note that this is different than saXX file that is created by sa1). This sarXX file created by sa2 is an ascii file that you can view it in a text editor.
This will also remove saXX files that are older than a week. So, write a quick shell script that runs every week to copy the /var/log/sa/* files to some other directory to do historical sar data analysis.
~~~
## 10 個 Sar 實踐示例
## 所有 CPU 的 CPU 利用率
~~~bash
$ sar -u 1 3
Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db) 03/26/2011 _i686_ (8 CPU)
01:27:32 PM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
01:27:33 PM all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
01:27:34 PM all 0.25 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.00 99.50
01:27:35 PM all 0.75 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.00 99.00
Average: all 0.33 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 99.50
~~~
sar -u Displays CPU usage for the current day that was collected until that point.
sar -u 1 3 Displays real time CPU usage every 1 second for 3 times.
sar -u ALL Same as “sar -u” but displays additional fields.
sar -u ALL 1 3 Same as “sar -u 1 3″ but displays additional fields.
sar -u -f /var/log/sa/sa10 Displays CPU usage for the 10day of the month from the sa10 file.
## 獨立 CPU 的 CPU 利用率
~~~bash
$ sar -P ALL 1 1
Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db) 03/26/2011 _i686_ (8 CPU)
01:34:12 PM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
01:34:13 PM all 11.69 0.00 4.71 0.69 0.00 82.90
01:34:13 PM 0 35.00 0.00 6.00 0.00 0.00 59.00
01:34:13 PM 1 22.00 0.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 73.00
01:34:13 PM 2 3.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 96.00
01:34:13 PM 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
$ sar -P 1 1 1
Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db) 03/26/2011 _i686_ (8 CPU)
01:36:25 PM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
01:36:26 PM 1 8.08 0.00 2.02 1.01 0.00 88.89
~~~
sar -P ALL Displays CPU usage broken down by all cores for the current day.
sar -P ALL 1 3 Displays real time CPU usage for ALL cores every 1 second for 3 times (broken down by all cores).
sar -P 1 Displays CPU usage for core number 1 for the current day.
sar -P 1 1 3 Displays real time CPU usage for core number 1, every 1 second for 3 times.
sar -P ALL -f /var/log/sa/sa10 Displays CPU usage broken down by all cores for the 10day day of the month from sa10 file.
## 內存空閑和使用率
~~~bash
$ sar -r 1 3
Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db) 03/26/2011 _i686_ (8 CPU)
07:28:06 AM kbmemfree kbmemused %memused kbbuffers kbcached kbcommit %commit kbactive kbinact
07:28:07 AM 6209248 2097432 25.25 189024 1796544 141372 0.85 1921060 88204
07:28:08 AM 6209248 2097432 25.25 189024 1796544 141372 0.85 1921060 88204
07:28:09 AM 6209248 2097432 25.25 189024 1796544 141372 0.85 1921060 88204
Average: 6209248 2097432 25.25 189024 1796544 141372 0.85 1921060 88204
~~~
sar -r
sar -r 1 3
sar -r -f /var/log/sa/sa10
## 已使用的 Swap 空間
~~~bash
$ sar -S 1 3
Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db) 03/26/2011 _i686_ (8 CPU)
07:31:06 AM kbswpfree kbswpused %swpused kbswpcad %swpcad
07:31:07 AM 8385920 0 0.00 0 0.00
07:31:08 AM 8385920 0 0.00 0 0.00
07:31:09 AM 8385920 0 0.00 0 0.00
Average: 8385920 0 0.00 0 0.00
~~~
sar -S
sar -S 1 3
sar -S -f /var/log/sa/sa10
## 綜合 I/O 活動數據
tps – Transactions per second (this includes both read and write)
rtps – Read transactions per second
wtps – Write transactions per second
bread/s – Bytes read per second
bwrtn/s – Bytes written per second
~~~bash
$ sar -b 1 3
Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db) 03/26/2011 _i686_ (8 CPU)
01:56:28 PM tps rtps wtps bread/s bwrtn/s
01:56:29 PM 346.00 264.00 82.00 2208.00 768.00
01:56:30 PM 100.00 36.00 64.00 304.00 816.00
01:56:31 PM 282.83 32.32 250.51 258.59 2537.37
Average: 242.81 111.04 131.77 925.75 1369.90
~~~
sar -b
sar -b 1 3
sar -b -f /var/log/sa/sa10
## 獨立的塊設備 I/O 活動數據
~~~bash
$ sar -d 1 1
Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db) 03/26/2011 _i686_ (8 CPU)
01:59:45 PM DEV tps rd_sec/s wr_sec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util
01:59:46 PM dev8-0 1.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 1.00 0.10
01:59:46 PM dev8-1 1.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 1.00 0.10
01:59:46 PM dev120-64 3.03 64.65 0.00 21.33 0.03 9.33 5.33 1.62
01:59:46 PM dev120-65 3.03 64.65 0.00 21.33 0.03 9.33 5.33 1.62
01:59:46 PM dev120-0 8.08 0.00 105.05 13.00 0.00 0.38 0.38 0.30
01:59:46 PM dev120-1 8.08 0.00 105.05 13.00 0.00 0.38 0.38 0.30
01:59:46 PM dev120-96 1.01 8.08 0.00 8.00 0.01 9.00 9.00 0.91
01:59:46 PM dev120-97 1.01 8.08 0.00 8.00 0.01 9.00 9.00 0.91
~~~
加 -p 選項顯示實際的設備名字
~~~bash
$ sar -p -d 1 1
Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db) 03/26/2011 _i686_ (8 CPU)
01:59:45 PM DEV tps rd_sec/s wr_sec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util
01:59:46 PM sda 1.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 1.00 0.10
01:59:46 PM sda1 1.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 1.00 0.10
01:59:46 PM sdb1 3.03 64.65 0.00 21.33 0.03 9.33 5.33 1.62
01:59:46 PM sdc1 3.03 64.65 0.00 21.33 0.03 9.33 5.33 1.62
01:59:46 PM sde1 8.08 0.00 105.05 13.00 0.00 0.38 0.38 0.30
01:59:46 PM sdf1 8.08 0.00 105.05 13.00 0.00 0.38 0.38 0.30
01:59:46 PM sda2 1.01 8.08 0.00 8.00 0.01 9.00 9.00 0.91
01:59:46 PM sdb2 1.01 8.08 0.00 8.00 0.01 9.00 9.00 0.91
~~~
sar -d
sar -d 1 3
sar -d -f /var/log/sa/sa10
sar -p -d
## 展示每秒上下文切換
~~~bash
$ sar -w 1 3
Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db) 03/26/2011 _i686_ (8 CPU)
08:32:24 AM proc/s cswch/s
08:32:25 AM 3.00 53.00
08:32:26 AM 4.00 61.39
08:32:27 AM 2.00 57.00
~~~
sar -w
sar -w 1 3
sar -w -f /var/log/sa/sa10
## 運行隊列和系統負載報告
~~~bash
$ sar -q 1 3
Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db) 03/26/2011 _i686_ (8 CPU)
06:28:53 AM runq-sz plist-sz ldavg-1 ldavg-5 ldavg-15 blocked
06:28:54 AM 0 230 2.00 3.00 5.00 0
06:28:55 AM 2 210 2.01 3.15 5.15 0
06:28:56 AM 2 230 2.12 3.12 5.12 0
Average: 3 230 3.12 3.12 5.12 0
~~~
sar -q
sar -q 1 3
sar -q -f /var/log/sa/sa10
## 網絡統計報告
~~~bash
sar -n KEYWORD
~~~
KEYWORD 說明:
~~~bash
DEV – Displays network devices vital statistics for eth0, eth1, etc.,
EDEV – Display network device failure statistics
NFS – Displays NFS client activities
NFSD – Displays NFS server activities
SOCK – Displays sockets in use for IPv4
IP – Displays IPv4 network traffic
EIP – Displays IPv4 network errors
ICMP – Displays ICMPv4 network traffic
EICMP – Displays ICMPv4 network errors
TCP – Displays TCPv4 network traffic
ETCP – Displays TCPv4 network errors
UDP – Displays UDPv4 network traffic
SOCK6, IP6, EIP6, ICMP6, UDP6 are for IPv6
ALL – This displays all of the above information. The output will be very long.
~~~
~~~bash
$ sar -n DEV 1 1
Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db) 03/26/2011 _i686_ (8 CPU)
01:11:13 PM IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxbyt/s txbyt/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s
01:11:14 PM lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
01:11:14 PM eth0 342.57 342.57 93923.76 141773.27 0.00 0.00 0.00
01:11:14 PM eth1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
~~~
## 使用開始時間展示 sar 數據
~~~bash
$ sar -q -f /var/log/sa/sa23 -s 10:00:01
Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db) 03/26/2011 _i686_ (8 CPU)
10:00:01 AM runq-sz plist-sz ldavg-1 ldavg-5 ldavg-15 blocked
10:10:01 AM 0 127 2.00 3.00 5.00 0
10:20:01 AM 0 127 2.00 3.00 5.00 0
...
11:20:01 AM 0 127 5.00 3.00 3.00 0
12:00:01 PM 0 127 4.00 2.00 1.00 0
~~~
- 前言
- 服務器開發設計
- Reactor模式
- 一種心跳,兩種設計
- 聊聊 TCP 長連接和心跳那些事
- 學習TCP三次握手和四次揮手
- Linux基礎
- Linux的inode的理解
- 異步IO模型介紹
- 20個最常用的GCC編譯器參數
- epoll
- epoll精髓
- epoll原理詳解及epoll反應堆模型
- epoll的坑
- epoll的本質
- socket的SO_REUSEADDR參數全面分析
- 服務器網絡
- Protobuf
- Protobuf2 語法指南
- 一種自動反射消息類型的 Protobuf 網絡傳輸方案
- 微服務
- RPC框架
- 什么是RPC
- 如何科學的解釋RPC
- RPC 消息協議
- 實現一個極簡版的RPC
- 一個基于protobuf的極簡RPC
- 如何基于protobuf實現一個極簡版的RPC
- 開源RPC框架
- thrift
- grpc
- brpc
- Dubbo
- 服務注冊,發現,治理
- Redis
- Redis發布訂閱
- Redis分布式鎖
- 一致性哈希算法
- Redis常見問題
- Redis數據類型
- 緩存一致性
- LevelDB
- 高可用
- keepalived基本理解
- keepalived操做
- LVS 學習
- 性能優化
- Linux服務器程序性能優化方法
- SRS性能(CPU)、內存優化工具用法
- centos6的性能分析工具集合
- CentOS系統性能工具 sar 示例!
- Linux性能監控工具集sysstat
- gdb相關
- Linux 下如何產生core文件(core dump設置)