4.3 項目實踐 · JavaWeb項目開發學習手冊

# **一、本節任務：使用MVC模式完成框架搭建** 在現有項目的src目錄下分別創建如下包。包的命名規范為：com.姓名漢語拼音**加學號后三位**.功能模塊英文名稱比如：com.baishenghua100.pojo **1.創建pojo包** **com.baishenghua100.pojo** **2.創建utils包** **com.baishenghua100.utils** **3.創建dao包** **com.baishenghua100.dao** **4.創建dao的實現包impl** **com.baishenghua100.dao.impl** **5.創建controller包** **com.baishenghua100.controller** **6.創建services包** **com.baishenghua100.services** **7.創建services包的實現包impl** **com.baishenghua100.services.impl** **8.創建測試包test** **com.baishenghua100.test** **9.創建過濾器包filter** **com.baishenghua100.filter** 然后分別在各個包下創建對應的類和接口 # **二、具體實現步驟:** **1.創建pojo包** **com.baishenghua100.pojo** >創建導航菜單類Menu100.java 三個屬性：菜單名稱、菜單地址和菜單序號。屬性名上也加上學號后三位重寫hashCode（）和equals()方法重寫toString()方法實現可序列化接口創建有參和無參構造方法 ![](http://h.yiniuedu.com/c1ddc9a35b244ca11c17e53291013bc1) ``` package com.baishenghua100.pojo; import java.io.Serializable; /** * Menu100.java(導航菜單類) * @desc 導航菜單 * @author 柏圣華 * @date 2021-10-21 * */ public class Menu100 implements Serializable{ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private int menuNo100;//導航菜單序號 private String menuName100;//導航菜單名稱 private String menuURL100;//導航菜單地址 public Menu100() { super(); } public Menu100(int menuNo100, String menuName100, String menuURL100) { super(); this.menuNo100 = menuNo100; this.menuName100 = menuName100; this.menuURL100 = menuURL100; } @Override public String toString() { return "Menu100 [menuNo100=" + menuNo100 + ", menuName100=" + menuName100 + ", menuURL100=" + menuURL100 + "]"; } @Override public int hashCode() { final int prime = 31; int result = 1; result = prime * result + ((menuName100 == null) ? 0 : menuName100.hashCode()); result = prime * result + menuNo100; result = prime * result + ((menuURL100 == null) ? 0 : menuURL100.hashCode()); return result; } @Override public boolean equals(Object obj) { if (this == obj) return true; if (obj == null) return false; if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) return false; Menu100 other = (Menu100) obj; if (menuName100 == null) { if (other.menuName100 != null) return false; } else if (!menuName100.equals(other.menuName100)) return false; if (menuNo100 != other.menuNo100) return false; if (menuURL100 == null) { if (other.menuURL100 != null) return false; } else if (!menuURL100.equals(other.menuURL100)) return false; return true; } public int getMenuNo100() { return menuNo100; } public void setMenuNo100(int menuNo100) { this.menuNo100 = menuNo100; } public String getMenuName100() { return menuName100; } public void setMenuName100(String menuName100) { this.menuName100 = menuName100; } public String getMenuURL100() { return menuURL100; } public void setMenuURL100(String menuURL100) { this.menuURL100 = menuURL100; } public static long getSerialversionuid() { return serialVersionUID; } } ``` **2.創建utils包** **com.baishenghua100.utils** >創建圖片驗證碼類，首先這個類是一個servlet。命名為:CheckCode100.java 參見圖片[驗證碼類](http://cms.yiniuedu.com/javawebstudy/2472193) ![](http://h.yiniuedu.com/30af3b8ad55aa9ed52cbe7361317e41a) **3.創建dao包** **com.baishenghua100.dao** >創建IMenuDao100接口，里面定義增刪改查和一些復雜查詢方法查詢所有菜單根據條件查詢部分菜單查詢指定的某個菜單更新菜單添加菜單刪除菜單 ![](http://h.yiniuedu.com/10fdc43cb49f62ae4259eab95cc6c686) ``` package com.baishenghua100.dao; import java.util.List; import com.baishenghua100.pojo.Menu100; /** * IMenuDao100.java(導航菜單數據處理接口) * @desc 主要定義一些方法：查詢所有導航菜單、條件查詢菜單、根據序號查詢導航菜單以及添加、修改和刪除菜單。 * @author 柏圣華 * @date 2021-10-21 * */ public interface IMenuDao100 { public List<Menu100> queryAll100();//查詢所有導航菜單 public List<Menu100> queryByCond100(String condition100);//條件查詢導航菜單 public Menu100 query100(Menu100 menu100);//根據序號查詢導航菜單 public Menu100 add100(Menu100 menu100);//添加導航菜單 public Menu100 update100(Menu100 menu100);//修改導航菜單 public Menu100 delete100(Menu100 menu100);//刪除導航菜單 } ``` **4.創建dao的實現包impl** **com.baishenghua100.dao.impl** >創建IMenuDao100接口的實現類MenuDaoImpl100類，并實現接口里面的所有方法 ![](http://h.yiniuedu.com/86e741a1a281164375e3a8e1d1cc799b) ``` package com.baishenghua100.dao.impl; import java.util.List; import com.baishenghua100.dao.IMenuDao100; import com.baishenghua100.pojo.Menu100; /** * MenuDaoImpl100.java(導航菜單數據處理具體實現類) * @desc 主要實現接口里面的增刪改查的方法，比如說，查詢所有導航菜單、條件查詢菜單以及添加、修改和刪除菜單。 * @author 柏圣華 * @date 2021-10-21 * */ public class MenuDaoImpl100 implements IMenuDao100 { @Override public List<Menu100> queryAll100() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return null; } @Override public List<Menu100> queryByCond100(String condition100) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return null; } @Override public Menu100 query100(Menu100 menu100) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return null; } @Override public Menu100 add100(Menu100 menu100) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return null; } @Override public Menu100 update100(Menu100 menu100) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return null; } @Override public Menu100 delete100(Menu100 menu100) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return null; } } ``` **5.創建controller包** **com.baishenghua100.controller** >創建MenuServlet100 ![](http://h.yiniuedu.com/deec7108152ac5a68a0a487716f7611f) ``` package com.baishenghua100.controller; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; /** * MenuServlet100.java(導航菜單控制器類) * @desc 主要控制導航菜單模型數據和視圖展示 * @author 柏圣華 * @date 2021-10-21 * */ @WebServlet("/MenuServlet100") public class MenuServlet100 extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; /** * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet() */ public MenuServlet100() { super(); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } /** * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) */ protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub response.getWriter().append("Served at: ").append(request.getContextPath()); } /** * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) */ protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub doGet(request, response); } } ``` **6.創建services包** **com.baishenghua100.services** >創建IMenuService100接口 ![](http://h.yiniuedu.com/71b53fef868cc2cfafd0ddd836ab6a1c) ``` package com.baishenghua100.services; import java.util.List; import com.baishenghua100.pojo.Menu100; /** * IMenuService100.java(導航菜單數據處理服務接口) * @desc 主要定義一些方法，比如說，查詢所有導航菜單、條件查詢菜單以及添加、修改和刪除菜單。 * @author 柏圣華 * @date 2021-10-21 * */ public interface IMenuService100 { public List<Menu100> queryAll100();//查詢所有導航菜單 public List<Menu100> queryByCond100(String condition100);//條件查詢導航菜單 public Menu100 query100(Menu100 menu100);//根據序號查詢導航菜單 public Menu100 add100(Menu100 menu100);//添加導航菜單 public Menu100 update100(Menu100 menu100);//修改導航菜單 public Menu100 delete100(Menu100 menu100);//刪除導航菜單 } ``` **7.創建services包的實現包impl** **com.baishenghua100.services.impl** >創建MenuServiceImpl100實現IMenuService100接口 ![](http://h.yiniuedu.com/3d243a9c0e4799b66a3a5c54a6f25665) ``` package com.baishenghua100.services.impl; import java.util.List; import com.baishenghua100.pojo.Menu100; import com.baishenghua100.services.IMenuService100; /** * MenuServiceImpl100.java(導航菜單數據處理服務具體實現類) * @desc 主要調用IMenDao100接口里面的方法，具體調用IMenDao100接口實現類MenuDaoImpl100類里面的方法 * @author 柏圣華 * @date 2021-10-21 * */ public class MenuServiceImpl100 implements IMenuService100 { IMenuDao100 iMenuDao100 = new MenuDaoImpl100(); @Override public List<Menu100> queryAll100() { return iMenuDao100.queryAll100(); } @Override public List<Menu100> queryByCond100(String condition100) { return iMenuDao100.queryByCond100(condition100); } @Override public Menu100 query100(Menu100 menu100) { return iMenuDao100.query100(menu100); } @Override public Menu100 add100(Menu100 menu100) { return iMenuDao100.add100(menu100); } @Override public Menu100 update100(Menu100 menu100) { return iMenuDao100.update100(menu100); } @Override public Menu100 delete100(Menu100 menu100) { return iMenuDao100.delete100(menu100); } } ``` **8.創建測試包test** **com.baishenghua100.test** >創建MenuServiceImpl100的測試類MenuServiceImplTest100 創建一個JUnit Test case，名字為MenuServiceImplTest100 在class under test下選擇MenuServiceImpl100這個類，然后選擇要測試哪些方法 ![](http://h.yiniuedu.com/b57157abb0ccef41a80c9bfa572f0f75) ``` package com.baishenghua100.test; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*; import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach; import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; /** * MenuServiceImplTest100.java(導航菜單數據處理服務具體實現類的測試類) * @desc 主要測試實現類MenuServiceImpl100類里面的方法，有沒有實現 * @author 柏圣華 * @date 2021-10-21 * */ class MenuServiceImplTest100 { @BeforeEach void setUp() throws Exception { } @AfterEach void tearDown() throws Exception { } @Test void testQueryAll100() { fail("Not yet implemented"); } @Test void testQueryByCond100() { fail("Not yet implemented"); } @Test void testQuery100() { fail("Not yet implemented"); } @Test void testAdd100() { fail("Not yet implemented"); } @Test void testUpdate100() { fail("Not yet implemented"); } @Test void testDelete100() { fail("Not yet implemented"); } } ``` **9.創建過濾器包filter** **com.baishenghua100.filter** >創建字符編碼過濾器類CharacterEncodingFilter100類注意此處要創建一個Filter ![](http://h.yiniuedu.com/8e8187875d2e80475373d6801fdaec90) ``` package com.baishenghua100.filter; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.Filter; import javax.servlet.FilterChain; import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebInitParam; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; /** * CharacterEncodingFilter100.java(字符編碼過濾器類) * @desc 主要統一字符編碼 * @author 柏圣華 * @date 2021-10-21 * */ @WebFilter(urlPatterns="/*",initParams= {@WebInitParam(name="CharsetEncoding",value="utf-8")}) public class CharacterEncodingFilter100 implements Filter { private static String encoding;//定義變量接收初始化的值 /** * Default constructor. */ public CharacterEncodingFilter100() { // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } /** * @see Filter#destroy() */ public void destroy() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } /** * @see Filter#doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain) */ public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)req; HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse)res; //設置字符編碼鏈鎖 request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding); response.setCharacterEncoding(encoding); chain.doFilter(request, response); } /** * @see Filter#init(FilterConfig) */ public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException { //接收web.xml配置文件中或者注解中的初始參數 encoding = fConfig.getInitParameter("CharsetEncoding"); } } ```