Maven - POM 文件 · HowToDoInJava 中文系列教程

# Maven - POM 文件 > 原文： [https://howtodoinjava.com/maven/maven-pom-files/](https://howtodoinjava.com/maven/maven-pom-files/) POM（項目對象模型）是一個 XML 文件，其中包含有關項目的信息以及 Maven 用于構建項目的配置詳細信息，例如源代碼位置，項目依賴項等。此文件必須命名為`pom.xml`，并放置在項目的根文件夾下。執行任務或目標時，maven 讀取 POM，獲取所需的配置信息，然后執行目標。 ```java Table of Contents Super POM Minimal POM Configuration Default POM Configuration POM Hierarchy ``` ## 超級 POM POM 文件在它們之間保持父子關系。您為項目創建的任何 pom 文件最終都將擴展此超級 pom 文件。從 maven 2.2 開始，這是**超級 pom 文件內容**。 ```java <project> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <name>Maven Default Project</name> <repositories> <repository> <id>central</id> <name>Maven Repository Switchboard</name> <layout>default</layout> <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> <pluginRepositories> <pluginRepository> <id>central</id> <name>Maven Plugin Repository</name> <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url> <layout>default</layout> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> <releases> <updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy> </releases> </pluginRepository> </pluginRepositories> <build> <directory>target</directory> <outputDirectory>target/classes</outputDirectory> <finalName>${artifactId}-${version}</finalName> <testOutputDirectory>target/test-classes</testOutputDirectory> <sourceDirectory>src/main/java</sourceDirectory> <scriptSourceDirectory>src/main/scripts</scriptSourceDirectory> <testSourceDirectory>src/test/java</testSourceDirectory> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> </resource> </resources> <testResources> <testResource> <directory>src/test/resources</directory> </testResource> </testResources> </build> <reporting> <outputDirectory>target/site</outputDirectory> </reporting> <profiles> <profile> <id>release-profile</id> <activation> <property> <name>performRelease</name> </property> </activation> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <inherited>true</inherited> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId> <executions> <execution> <id>attach-sources</id> <goals> <goal>jar</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <plugin> <inherited>true</inherited> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId> <executions> <execution> <id>attach-javadocs</id> <goals> <goal>jar</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <plugin> <inherited>true</inherited> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <updateReleaseInfo>true</updateReleaseInfo> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </profile> </profiles> </project> ``` 值得注意的是： * 默認倉庫是 Maven 倉庫。 * 默認執行目標是“ jar”。 * 默認源代碼位置為`src/main/java`。 * 默認測試代碼位置為`src/test/java`。 ## 最小的 POM 配置任何 Maven 項目的最小 POM 配置都非常簡單，如下所示： ```java <project> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.howtodoinjava</groupId> <artifactId>MavenExample</artifactId> <version>1.0.0</version> </project> ``` 這個需要： * `project`根 * `modelVersion` – 應設置為 4.0.0 * `groupId` – 項目組的 ID。 * `artifactId` – 工件的 ID（項目） * `version` – 指定組下工件的版本您需要在此最小 pom 的基礎上添加項目特定的配置。對于其余配置，如果未指定，則 maven 將使用超級 pom 文件中的默認設置。 #### 默認 POM 配置這取決于您選擇的原型類型。例如，對于快速啟動項目，這是默認生成的`pom.xml`文件。 ```java <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd; <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.howtodoinjava.demo</groupId> <artifactId>MavenExamples</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>MavenExamples</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </project> ``` ## POM 層次結構如前所述，POM 文件在它們之間保持父子關系。子 POM 文件從其父 POM 文件繼承所有配置元素。這就是 Maven 堅持其設計理念的方式，即相對于配置而言是*約定*。項目使用的 pom 文件是通過合并項目 pom 文件，父 pom 文件（如果有）和超級 pom 文件而獲得的。此 pom 文件稱為**有效 pom** 文件。要獲取項目使用的有效 pom 文件，請在項目的根文件夾中輸入以下命令： ```java $ mvn help:effective-pom ``` 例如，有效的 pom 文件默認快速啟動項目為： ```java <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd; <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.howtodoinjava.demo</groupId> <artifactId>MavenExamples</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>MavenExamples</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <repositories> <repository> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> <id>central</id> <name>Central Repository</name> <url>https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url> </repository> </repositories> <pluginRepositories> <pluginRepository> <releases> <updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> <id>central</id> <name>Central Repository</name> <url>https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url> </pluginRepository> </pluginRepositories> <build> <sourceDirectory>c:\temp\MavenExamples\src\main\java</sourceDirectory> <scriptSourceDirectory>c:\temp\MavenExamples\src\main\scripts</scriptSourceDirectory> <testSourceDirectory>c:\temp\MavenExamples\src\test\java</testSourceDirectory> <outputDirectory>c:\temp\MavenExamples\target\classes</outputDirectory> <testOutputDirectory>c:\temp\MavenExamples\target\test-classes</testOutputDirectory> <resources> <resource> <directory>c:\temp\MavenExamples\src\main\resources</directory> </resource> </resources> <testResources> <testResource> <directory>c:\temp\MavenExamples\src\test\resources</directory> </testResource> </testResources> <directory>c:\temp\MavenExamples\target</directory> <finalName>MavenExamples-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</finalName> <pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId> <version>1.3</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.2-beta-5</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.8</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.3.2</version> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> <executions> <execution> <id>default-clean</id> <phase>clean</phase> <goals> <goal>clean</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.6</version> <executions> <execution> <id>default-testResources</id> <phase>process-test-resources</phase> <goals> <goal>testResources</goal> </goals> </execution> <execution> <id>default-resources</id> <phase>process-resources</phase> <goals> <goal>resources</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.4</version> <executions> <execution> <id>default-jar</id> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>jar</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.1</version> <executions> <execution> <id>default-compile</id> <phase>compile</phase> <goals> <goal>compile</goal> </goals> </execution> <execution> <id>default-testCompile</id> <phase>test-compile</phase> <goals> <goal>testCompile</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.12.4</version> <executions> <execution> <id>default-test</id> <phase>test</phase> <goals> <goal>test</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.4</version> <executions> <execution> <id>default-install</id> <phase>install</phase> <goals> <goal>install</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.7</version> <executions> <execution> <id>default-deploy</id> <phase>deploy</phase> <goals> <goal>deploy</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.3</version> <executions> <execution> <id>default-site</id> <phase>site</phase> <goals> <goal>site</goal> </goals> <configuration> <outputDirectory>c:\temp\MavenExamples\target\site</outputDirectory> <reportPlugins> <reportPlugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId> </reportPlugin> </reportPlugins> </configuration> </execution> <execution> <id>default-deploy</id> <phase>site-deploy</phase> <goals> <goal>deploy</goal> </goals> <configuration> <outputDirectory>c:\temp\MavenExamples\target\site</outputDirectory> <reportPlugins> <reportPlugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId> </reportPlugin> </reportPlugins> </configuration> </execution> </executions> <configuration> <outputDirectory>c:\temp\MavenExamples\target\site</outputDirectory> <reportPlugins> <reportPlugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId> </reportPlugin> </reportPlugins> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <reporting> <outputDirectory>c:\temp\MavenExamples\target\site</outputDirectory> </reporting> </project> ``` 將我的問題放在評論部分。學習愉快！