# Reverse Words in a String
### Source
- lintcode: [(53) Reverse Words in a String](http://www.lintcode.com/en/problem/reverse-words-in-a-string/)
~~~
Given an input string, reverse the string word by word.
For example,
Given s = "the sky is blue",
return "blue is sky the".
Example
Clarification
- What constitutes a word?
A sequence of non-space characters constitutes a word.
- Could the input string contain leading or trailing spaces?
Yes. However, your reversed string should not contain leading or trailing spaces.
- How about multiple spaces between two words?
Reduce them to a single space in the reversed string.
~~~
### 題解
1. 由第一個提問可知:題中只有空格字符和非空格字符之分,因此空格字符應為其一關鍵突破口。
1. 由第二個提問可知:輸入的前導空格或者尾隨空格在反轉后應去掉。
1. 由第三個提問可知:兩個單詞間的多個空格字符應合并為一個或刪除掉。
首先找到各個單詞(以空格隔開),根據題目要求,單詞應從后往前依次放入。正向取出比較麻煩,因此可嘗試采用逆向思維——先將輸入字符串數組中的單詞從后往前逆序取出,取出單詞后即翻轉并append至新字符串數組。在append之前加入空格即可。
### C++
~~~
class Solution {
public:
/**
* @param s : A string
* @return : A string
*/
string reverseWords(string s) {
if (s.empty()) {
return s;
}
string s_ret, s_temp;
string::size_type ix = s.size();
while (ix != 0) {
s_temp.clear();
while (!isspace(s[--ix])) {
s_temp.push_back(s[ix]);
if (ix == 0) {
break;
}
}
if (!s_temp.empty()) {
if (!s_ret.empty()) {
s_ret.push_back(' ');
}
std::reverse(s_temp.begin(), s_temp.end());
s_ret.append(s_temp);
}
}
return s_ret;
}
};
~~~
### 源碼分析
1. 首先處理異常,s為空時直接返回空。
1. 索引初始值`ix = s.size()`,而不是`ix = s.size() - 1`,便于處理`ix == 0`時的特殊情況。
1. 使用額外空間`s_ret, s_temp`,空間復雜度為O(n),`s_temp`用于緩存臨時的單詞以append入`s_ret`。
1. 最后返回`s_ret`。
空間復雜度為O(1)的解法?
1. 處理異常及特殊情況
1. 處理多個空格及首尾空格
1. 記住單詞的頭尾指針,翻轉之
1. 整體翻轉
- Preface
- Part I - Basics
- Basics Data Structure
- String
- Linked List
- Binary Tree
- Huffman Compression
- Queue
- Heap
- Stack
- Set
- Map
- Graph
- Basics Sorting
- Bubble Sort
- Selection Sort
- Insertion Sort
- Merge Sort
- Quick Sort
- Heap Sort
- Bucket Sort
- Counting Sort
- Radix Sort
- Basics Algorithm
- Divide and Conquer
- Binary Search
- Math
- Greatest Common Divisor
- Prime
- Knapsack
- Probability
- Shuffle
- Basics Misc
- Bit Manipulation
- Part II - Coding
- String
- strStr
- Two Strings Are Anagrams
- Compare Strings
- Anagrams
- Longest Common Substring
- Rotate String
- Reverse Words in a String
- Valid Palindrome
- Longest Palindromic Substring
- Space Replacement
- Wildcard Matching
- Length of Last Word
- Count and Say
- Integer Array
- Remove Element
- Zero Sum Subarray
- Subarray Sum K
- Subarray Sum Closest
- Recover Rotated Sorted Array
- Product of Array Exclude Itself
- Partition Array
- First Missing Positive
- 2 Sum
- 3 Sum
- 3 Sum Closest
- Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array
- Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array II
- Merge Sorted Array
- Merge Sorted Array II
- Median
- Partition Array by Odd and Even
- Kth Largest Element
- Binary Search
- Binary Search
- Search Insert Position
- Search for a Range
- First Bad Version
- Search a 2D Matrix
- Search a 2D Matrix II
- Find Peak Element
- Search in Rotated Sorted Array
- Search in Rotated Sorted Array II
- Find Minimum in Rotated Sorted Array
- Find Minimum in Rotated Sorted Array II
- Median of two Sorted Arrays
- Sqrt x
- Wood Cut
- Math and Bit Manipulation
- Single Number
- Single Number II
- Single Number III
- O1 Check Power of 2
- Convert Integer A to Integer B
- Factorial Trailing Zeroes
- Unique Binary Search Trees
- Update Bits
- Fast Power
- Hash Function
- Count 1 in Binary
- Fibonacci
- A plus B Problem
- Print Numbers by Recursion
- Majority Number
- Majority Number II
- Majority Number III
- Digit Counts
- Ugly Number
- Plus One
- Linked List
- Remove Duplicates from Sorted List
- Remove Duplicates from Sorted List II
- Remove Duplicates from Unsorted List
- Partition List
- Two Lists Sum
- Two Lists Sum Advanced
- Remove Nth Node From End of List
- Linked List Cycle
- Linked List Cycle II
- Reverse Linked List
- Reverse Linked List II
- Merge Two Sorted Lists
- Merge k Sorted Lists
- Reorder List
- Copy List with Random Pointer
- Sort List
- Insertion Sort List
- Check if a singly linked list is palindrome
- Delete Node in the Middle of Singly Linked List
- Rotate List
- Swap Nodes in Pairs
- Remove Linked List Elements
- Binary Tree
- Binary Tree Preorder Traversal
- Binary Tree Inorder Traversal
- Binary Tree Postorder Traversal
- Binary Tree Level Order Traversal
- Binary Tree Level Order Traversal II
- Maximum Depth of Binary Tree
- Balanced Binary Tree
- Binary Tree Maximum Path Sum
- Lowest Common Ancestor
- Invert Binary Tree
- Diameter of a Binary Tree
- Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Inorder Traversal
- Construct Binary Tree from Inorder and Postorder Traversal
- Subtree
- Binary Tree Zigzag Level Order Traversal
- Binary Tree Serialization
- Binary Search Tree
- Insert Node in a Binary Search Tree
- Validate Binary Search Tree
- Search Range in Binary Search Tree
- Convert Sorted Array to Binary Search Tree
- Convert Sorted List to Binary Search Tree
- Binary Search Tree Iterator
- Exhaustive Search
- Subsets
- Unique Subsets
- Permutations
- Unique Permutations
- Next Permutation
- Previous Permuation
- Unique Binary Search Trees II
- Permutation Index
- Permutation Index II
- Permutation Sequence
- Palindrome Partitioning
- Combinations
- Combination Sum
- Combination Sum II
- Minimum Depth of Binary Tree
- Word Search
- Dynamic Programming
- Triangle
- Backpack
- Backpack II
- Minimum Path Sum
- Unique Paths
- Unique Paths II
- Climbing Stairs
- Jump Game
- Word Break
- Longest Increasing Subsequence
- Palindrome Partitioning II
- Longest Common Subsequence
- Edit Distance
- Jump Game II
- Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock
- Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock II
- Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock III
- Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock IV
- Distinct Subsequences
- Interleaving String
- Maximum Subarray
- Maximum Subarray II
- Longest Increasing Continuous subsequence
- Longest Increasing Continuous subsequence II
- Graph
- Find the Connected Component in the Undirected Graph
- Route Between Two Nodes in Graph
- Topological Sorting
- Word Ladder
- Bipartial Graph Part I
- Data Structure
- Implement Queue by Two Stacks
- Min Stack
- Sliding Window Maximum
- Longest Words
- Heapify
- Problem Misc
- Nuts and Bolts Problem
- String to Integer
- Insert Interval
- Merge Intervals
- Minimum Subarray
- Matrix Zigzag Traversal
- Valid Sudoku
- Add Binary
- Reverse Integer
- Gray Code
- Find the Missing Number
- Minimum Window Substring
- Continuous Subarray Sum
- Continuous Subarray Sum II
- Longest Consecutive Sequence
- Part III - Contest
- Google APAC
- APAC 2015 Round B
- Problem A. Password Attacker
- Microsoft
- Microsoft 2015 April
- Problem A. Magic Box
- Problem B. Professor Q's Software
- Problem C. Islands Travel
- Problem D. Recruitment
- Microsoft 2015 April 2
- Problem A. Lucky Substrings
- Problem B. Numeric Keypad
- Problem C. Spring Outing
- Microsoft 2015 September 2
- Problem A. Farthest Point
- Appendix I Interview and Resume
- Interview
- Resume