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                # 習題 19: 函數和變量 函數這個概念也許承載了太多的信息量,不過別擔心。只要堅持做這些練習,對照上個練習中的檢查點檢查一遍這次的聯系,你最終會明白這些內容的。 有一個你可能沒有注意到的細節,我們現在強調一下:函數里邊的變量和腳本里邊的變量之間是沒有連接的。下面的這個練習可以讓你對這一點有更多的思考: <table class="highlighttable"><tbody><tr><td class="linenos"> <div class="linenodiv"> <pre> 1&#13; 2&#13; 3&#13; 4&#13; 5&#13; 6&#13; 7&#13; 8&#13; 9&#13; 10&#13; 11&#13; 12&#13; 13&#13; 14&#13; 15&#13; 16&#13; 17&#13; 18&#13; 19&#13; 20&#13; 21&#13; 22&#13; 23&#13; 24</pre> </div> </td> <td class="code"> <div class="highlight"> <pre>def cheese_and_crackers(cheese_count, boxes_of_crackers):&#13; print "You have %d cheeses!" % cheese_count&#13; print "You have %d boxes of crackers!" % boxes_of_crackers&#13; print "Man that's enough for a party!"&#13; print "Get a blanket.\n"&#13; &#13; &#13; print "We can just give the function numbers directly:"&#13; cheese_and_crackers(20, 30)&#13; &#13; &#13; print "OR, we can use variables from our script:"&#13; amount_of_cheese = 10&#13; amount_of_crackers = 50&#13; &#13; cheese_and_crackers(amount_of_cheese, amount_of_crackers)&#13; &#13; &#13; print "We can even do math inside too:"&#13; cheese_and_crackers(10 + 20, 5 + 6)&#13; &#13; &#13; print "And we can combine the two, variables and math:"&#13; cheese_and_crackers(amount_of_cheese + 100, amount_of_crackers + 1000)&#13; </pre> </div> </td> </tr></tbody></table> 通過這個練習,你看到我們給我們的函數 cheese_and_crackers 很多的參數,然后在函數里把它們打印出來。我們可以在函數里用變量名,我們可以在函數里做運算,我們甚至可以將變量和運算結合起來。 從一方面來說,函數的參數和我們的生成變量時用的 = 賦值符類似。事實上,如果一個物件你可以用 = 將其命名,你通常也可以將其作為參數傳遞給一個函數。 ### 你應該看到的結果 你應該研究一下腳本的輸出,和你想象的結果對比一下看有什么不同。 ~~~ $ python ex19.py We can just give the function numbers directly: You have 20 cheeses! You have 30 boxes of crackers! Man that's enough for a party! Get a blanket. OR, we can use variables from our script: You have 10 cheeses! You have 50 boxes of crackers! Man that's enough for a party! Get a blanket. We can even do math inside too: You have 30 cheeses! You have 11 boxes of crackers! Man that's enough for a party! Get a blanket. And we can combine the two, variables and math: You have 110 cheeses! You have 1050 boxes of crackers! Man that's enough for a party! Get a blanket. $ ~~~ ### 加分習題 1. 倒著將腳本讀完,在每一行上面添加一行注解,說明這行的作用。 1. 從最后一行開始,倒著閱讀每一行,讀出所有的重要字符來。 1. 自己編至少一個函數出來,然后用10種方法運行這個函數。
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