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                # 習題 32: 循環和列表 現在你應該有能力寫更有趣的程序出來了。如果你能一直跟得上,你應該已經看出將“if 語句”和“布爾表達式”結合起來可以讓程序作出一些智能化的事情。 然而,我們的程序還需要能很快地完成重復的事情。這節習題中我們將使用 for-loop (for 循環)來創建和打印出各種各樣的列表。在做的過程中,你會逐漸明白它們是怎么回事。現在我不會告訴你,你需要自己找到答案。 在你開始使用 for 循環之前,你需要在某個位置存放循環的結果。最好的方法是使用列表(list),顧名思義,它就是一個按順序存放東西的容器。列表并不復雜,你只是要學習一點新的語法。首先我們看看如何創建列表: ~~~ hairs = ['brown', 'blond', 'red'] eyes = ['brown', 'blue', 'green'] weights = [1, 2, 3, 4] ~~~ 你要做的是以 [ (左方括號)開頭“打開”列表,然后寫下你要放入列表的東西,用逗號隔開,就跟函數的參數一樣,最后你需要用 ] (右方括號)結束右方括號的定義。然后 Python 接收這個列表以及里邊所有的內容,將其賦給一個變量。 Warning 對于不會編程的人來說這是一個難點。習慣性思維告訴你的大腦大地是平的。記得上一個練習中的 if 語句嵌套吧,你可能覺得要理解它有些難度,因為生活中一般人不會去像這樣的問題,但這樣的問題在編程中幾乎到處都是。你會看到一個函數調用另外一個包含 if 語句的函數,其中又有嵌套列表的列表。如果你看到這樣的東西一時無法弄懂,就用紙筆記下來,手動分割下去,直到弄懂為止。 現在我們將使用循環創建一些列表,然后將它們打印出來。 <table class="highlighttable"><tbody><tr><td class="linenos"> <div class="linenodiv"> <pre> 1&#13; 2&#13; 3&#13; 4&#13; 5&#13; 6&#13; 7&#13; 8&#13; 9&#13; 10&#13; 11&#13; 12&#13; 13&#13; 14&#13; 15&#13; 16&#13; 17&#13; 18&#13; 19&#13; 20&#13; 21&#13; 22&#13; 23&#13; 24&#13; 25&#13; 26&#13; 27&#13; 28&#13; 29</pre> </div> </td> <td class="code"> <div class="highlight"> <pre>the_count = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]&#13; fruits = ['apples', 'oranges', 'pears', 'apricots']&#13; change = [1, 'pennies', 2, 'dimes', 3, 'quarters']&#13; &#13; # this first kind of for-loop goes through a list&#13; for number in the_count:&#13; print "This is count %d" % number&#13; &#13; # same as above&#13; for fruit in fruits:&#13; print "A fruit of type: %s" % fruit&#13; &#13; # also we can go through mixed lists too&#13; # notice we have to use %r since we don't know what's in it&#13; for i in change:&#13; print "I got %r" % i&#13; &#13; # we can also build lists, first start with an empty one&#13; elements = []&#13; &#13; # then use the range function to do 0 to 5 counts&#13; for i in range(0, 6):&#13; print "Adding %d to the list." % i&#13; # append is a function that lists understand&#13; elements.append(i)&#13; &#13; # now we can print them out too&#13; for i in elements:&#13; print "Element was: %d" % i&#13; </pre> </div> </td> </tr></tbody></table> ### 你應該看到的結果 ~~~ $ python ex32.py This is count 1 This is count 2 This is count 3 This is count 4 This is count 5 A fruit of type: apples A fruit of type: oranges A fruit of type: pears A fruit of type: apricots I got 1 I got 'pennies' I got 2 I got 'dimes' I got 3 I got 'quarters' Adding 0 to the list. Adding 1 to the list. Adding 2 to the list. Adding 3 to the list. Adding 4 to the list. Adding 5 to the list. Element was: 0 Element was: 1 Element was: 2 Element was: 3 Element was: 4 Element was: 5 $ ~~~ ### 加分習題 1. 注意一下 range 的用法。查一下 range 函數并理解它。 1. 在第 22 行,你可以可以直接將 elements 賦值為 range(0,6),而無需使用 for 循環? 1. 在 Python 文檔中找到關于列表的內容,仔細閱讀以下,除了 append 以外列表還支持哪些操作?
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