# Bulk API (批量API)
Bulk API可以在單個API調用中執行多個創建索引/刪除的操作。這可以大大提高索引速度。
> ## 批量請求客戶端支持
>
> 一些官方支持的客戶端提供幫助來協助從一個索引到另一個索引的批量請求和重新索引:
>
> Perl
>
> 參見[Search::Elasticsearch::Bulk](https://metacpan.org/pod/Search::Elasticsearch::Client::5_0::Bulk)與[Search::Elasticsearch::Scroll](https://metacpan.org/pod/Search::Elasticsearch::Client::5_0::Scroll)
>
> Python
>
> 參見[elasticsearch.helpers.\*](http://elasticsearch-py.readthedocs.io/en/master/helpers.html)
REST API端點是`/_bulk`,它期望是以換行符分隔JSON(NDJSON)的結構:
```
action_and_meta_data\n
optional_source\n
action_and_meta_data\n
optional_source\n
....
action_and_meta_data\n
optional_source\n
```
注意:最后一行數據必須以換行符`\n`結尾。每個換行符字符之前都可以回車`\r`。當向該端點發送請求時,應將`Content-Type`頭設置為`application/x-ndjson`。
可能的操作是`index`、`create`、`delete`和`update`。`index`和`create`期望下一行的源,并且具有與標準索引API的`op_type`參數相同的語義(即:如果具有相同索引和類型的文檔已經存在,則`create`將失敗,而有必要時索引將添加或替換文檔)。`delete`并不期望下列行的源,并且具有與標準`delete` API相同的語義。 `update`需要在下一行指定部分文檔,`upsert`和`script`及其選項。
如果要提供文本文件輸入到`curl`,則必須使用`--data-binary`標志替代`-d`的文本。后者不需要保留換行符。例:
```
$ cat requests
{ "index" : { "_index" : "test", "_type" : "type1", "_id" : "1" } }
{ "field1" : "value1" }
$ curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/x-ndjson" -XPOST localhost:9200/_bulk --data-binary "@requests"; echo
{"took":7, "errors": false, "items":[{"index":{"_index":"test","_type":"type1","_id":"1","_version":1,"result":"created","forced_refresh":false}}]}
```
因為此格式使用文字`\n`作為分隔符,請確保JSON操作和源文檔不是格式化的打印。以下是批量命令正確序列的示例:
```
POST _bulk
{ "index" : { "_index" : "test", "_type" : "type1", "_id" : "1" } }
{ "field1" : "value1" }
{ "delete" : { "_index" : "test", "_type" : "type1", "_id" : "2" } }
{ "create" : { "_index" : "test", "_type" : "type1", "_id" : "3" } }
{ "field1" : "value3" }
{ "update" : {"_id" : "1", "_type" : "type1", "_index" : "test"} }
{ "doc" : {"field2" : "value2"} }
```
批量操作的結果如下:
```
{
"took": 30,
"errors": false,
"items": [
{
"index": {
"_index": "test",
"_type": "type1",
"_id": "1",
"_version": 1,
"result": "created",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"created": true,
"status": 201
}
},
{
"delete": {
"found": false,
"_index": "test",
"_type": "type1",
"_id": "2",
"_version": 1,
"result": "not_found",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"status": 404
}
},
{
"create": {
"_index": "test",
"_type": "type1",
"_id": "3",
"_version": 1,
"result": "created",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"created": true,
"status": 201
}
},
{
"update": {
"_index": "test",
"_type": "type1",
"_id": "1",
"_version": 2,
"result": "updated",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"status": 200
}
}
]
}
```
端點是`/_bulk`、`/{index}/_bulk`和`{index}/{type}/_bulk`。當提供索引或索引/類型時,它們將作為批量操作的條目的默認值使用、不會作為明確聲明的條目使用。
關于格式的注意。這里的想法是盡可能快地處理這個問題。由于某些操作將被重定向到其他節點上的其他分片,因此在接收節點側僅解析`action_meta_data`。
使用此協議的客戶端庫應盡可能嘗試在客戶端執行類似操作,并盡可能減少緩沖。
對批量操作的響應是一個大的JSON結構,其中包含了執行每個操作的各個結果。一個動作的失敗不會影響剩余的動作。
單次`bulk`調用沒有一個“正確”的操作執行數量。您應該嘗試使用不同的設置來查找特定工作負載的最佳大小。
如果使用HTTP API,請確保客戶端不發送HTTP塊,因為這會減慢事情。
## 版本控制
每個bulk條目可以使用`_version`與`version`字段包含版本值。它基于`_version`映射自動跟蹤索引與刪除操作的行為。它還支持`version_typ` / `_version_type`(請參閱[版本控制](Index_API.md#index-versioning))。
## 路由
每個bulk條目可以使用`_routing`與`routing`字段包括路由值。它基于映射的`_routing`來自動跟蹤索引與刪除操作的行為。
## 等待活動分片
進行批量調用時,您可以設置`wait_for_active_shards`參數,以便在開始處理批量請求之前要求最小數量的分片副本處于活動狀態。有關詳細信息和使用示例,請參閱[此處](Index_API.md#index-wait-for-active-shards)。
## 沖刷
用來控制本次的修改能夠被搜索可見。參見:[refresh](refresh.html)。
## 更新
當使用`update`操作時,`_retry_on_conflict`可以用作動作本身的字段(而不是額外的數據行),可以指定在版本沖突的情況下應重試更新的次數。
更新操作數據行支持以下選項:`doc`(部分文檔)、`upsert`、`doc_as_upsert`、`scirpt`、`params`(與腳本結合使用)、`lang`(與腳本結合使用)和`_source`。有關選項的詳細信息,請參閱[更新操作文檔](Update_API.md)。更新操作的示例:
```
POST _bulk
{ "update" : {"_id" : "1", "_type" : "type1", "_index" : "index1", "_retry_on_conflict" : 3} }
{ "doc" : {"field" : "value"} }
{ "update" : { "_id" : "0", "_type" : "type1", "_index" : "index1", "_retry_on_conflict" : 3} }
{ "script" : { "inline": "ctx._source.counter += params.param1", "lang" : "painless", "params" : {"param1" : 1}}, "upsert" : {"counter" : 1}}
{ "update" : {"_id" : "2", "_type" : "type1", "_index" : "index1", "_retry_on_conflict" : 3} }
{ "doc" : {"field" : "value"}, "doc_as_upsert" : true }
{ "update" : {"_id" : "3", "_type" : "type1", "_index" : "index1", "_source" : true} }
{ "doc" : {"field" : "value"} }
{ "update" : {"_id" : "4", "_type" : "type1", "_index" : "index1"} }
{ "doc" : {"field" : "value"}, "_source": true}
```
## 安全
參見[基于URL的訪問控制](../API_Conventions/URL-based_access_control.md)
- 入門
- 基本概念
- 安裝
- 探索你的集群
- 集群健康
- 列出所有索引庫
- 創建一個索引庫
- 索引文檔創建與查詢
- 刪除一個索引庫
- 修改你的數據
- 更新文檔
- 刪除文檔
- 批量處理
- 探索你的數據
- 搜索API
- 查詢語言介紹
- 執行搜索
- 執行過濾
- 執行聚合
- 總結
- Elasticsearch設置
- 安裝Elasticsearch
- .zip或.tar.gz文件的安裝方式
- Install Elasticsearch with .zip on Windows
- Debian軟件包安裝方式
- RPM安裝方式
- Install Elasticsearch with Windows MSI Installer
- Docker安裝方式
- 配置Elasticsearch
- 安全配置
- 日志配置
- 重要的Elasticsearch配置
- 重要的系統配置
- 系統設置
- 在jvm.options中設置JVM堆大小
- 禁用swapping
- 文件描述符
- 虛擬內存
- 線程數
- DNS cache settings
- 啟動前檢查
- 堆大小檢查
- 文件描述符檢查
- 內存鎖定檢查
- 最大線程數檢查
- 最大虛擬內存檢查
- Max file size check
- 最大map數檢查
- JVM Client模式檢查
- 串行收集使用檢查
- 系統調用過濾檢查
- OnError與OnOutOfMemoryError檢查
- Early-access check
- G1GC檢查
- Elasticsearch停機
- Elasticsearch升級
- 滾動升級
- 全集群重啟升級
- 索引重建升級
- Set up X-Pack
- Installing X-Pack
- X-Pack Settings
- Watcher Settings
- Configuring Security
- Breaking changes in 6.0
- X-Pack Breaking Changes
- 重大變化
- 6.0的重大變化
- 聚合變化
- Cat API變化
- 客戶端變化
- 集群變化
- 文檔API變化
- 索引變化
- 預處理變化
- 映射變化
- Packaging變化
- Percolator變化
- 插件變化
- 索引重建變化
- 信息統計變化
- DSL查詢變化
- 設置變化
- 腳本變化
- API約定
- 多索引語法
- 索引庫名稱的日期運算
- 常用選項
- URL-based訪問控制
- 文檔APIs
- 讀寫文檔
- 索引接口
- Get接口
- Delete API
- Delete By Query API
- Update API
- Update By Query API
- Multi Get API
- Bulk API
- Reindex API
- Term Vectors
- Multi termvectors API
- ?refresh
- 搜索APIs
- Search
- URI Search
- Request Body Search
- Query
- From / Size
- Sort
- Source filtering
- Fields
- Script Fields
- Doc value Fields
- Post filter
- Highlighting
- Rescoring
- Search Type
- Scroll
- Preference
- Explain
- Version
- Index Boost
- min_score
- Named Queries
- Inner hits
- Field Collapsing
- Search After
- Search Template
- Multi Search Template
- Search Shards API
- Suggesters
- Term suggester
- Phrase Suggester
- Completion Suggester
- Context Suggester
- Returning the type of the suggester
- Multi Search API
- Count API
- Validate API
- Explain API
- Profile API
- Profiling Queries
- Profiling Aggregations
- Profiling Considerations
- Field Capabilities API
- Aggregations
- Metrics Aggregations
- 平均值聚合
- 值計數聚合(Value Count Aggregation)
- Cardinality Aggregation
- Extended Stats Aggregation
- 地理邊界聚合
- 地理重心聚合
- Max Aggregation
- Min Aggregation
- Percentiles Aggregation
- Percentile Ranks Aggregation
- Scripted Metric Aggregation
- Stats Aggregation
- Sum Aggregation
- Top hits Aggregation
- Value Count Aggregation
- Bucket Aggregations
- 鄰接矩陣聚合
- Children Aggregation
- Date Histogram Aggregation
- Date Range Aggregation
- Significant Terms Aggregation
- Filter Aggregation(過濾器聚合)
- Filters Aggregation
- Geo Distance Aggregation(地理距離聚合) 轉至元數據結尾
- GeoHash grid Aggregation(GeoHash網格聚合)
- Global Aggregation(全局聚合) 轉至元數據結尾
- Histogram Aggregation
- IP Range Aggregation(IP范圍聚合)
- Missing Aggregation
- Nested Aggregation(嵌套聚合)
- Range Aggregation(范圍聚合)
- Reverse nested Aggregation
- Sampler Aggregation
- Significant Terms Aggregation
- Significant Text Aggregation
- Terms Aggregation
- Pipeline Aggregations
- Avg Bucket Aggregation
- Derivative Aggregation(導數聚合)
- Max Bucket Aggregation
- Min Bucket Aggregation
- Sum Bucket Aggregation
- Stats Bucket Aggregation
- Extended Stats Bucket Aggregation(擴展信息桶聚合)
- Percentiles Bucket Aggregation(百分數桶聚合)
- Moving Average Aggregation
- Cumulative Sum Aggregation(累積匯總聚合)
- Bucket Script Aggregation(桶腳本聚合)
- Bucket Selector Aggregation(桶選擇器聚合)
- Serial Differencing Aggregation(串行差異聚合)
- Matrix Aggregations
- Matrix Stats
- Caching heavy aggregations
- Returning only aggregation results
- Aggregation Metadata
- Returning the type of the aggregation
- Indices APIs
- Create Index /創建索引
- Delete Index /刪除索引
- Get Index /獲取索引
- Indices Exists /索引存在
- Open / Close Index API /啟動關閉索引
- Shrink Index /縮小索引
- Rollover Index/滾動索引
- Put Mapping /提交映射
- Get Mapping /獲取映射
- Get Field Mapping /獲取字段映射
- Types Exists
- Index Aliases
- Update Indices Settings
- Get Settings
- Analyze
- Explain Analyze
- Index Templates
- 索引統計信息
- 索引段
- 索引恢復
- 索引分片存儲
- 清理緩存
- 刷新
- 同步刷新
- 重新加載
- 強制合并
- Cat APIs
- cat aliases
- cat allocation
- cat count
- cat fielddata
- cat health
- cat indices
- cat master
- cat nodeattrs
- cat nodes
- cat pending tasks
- cat plugins
- cat recovery
- cat repositories
- cat segments
- cat shards
- cat thread pool
- cat snapshots
- cat templates
- Cluster APIs
- 集群健康
- 集群狀態
- 集群統計
- 掛起的集群任務
- 集群重新路由
- Cluster Update Settings
- Nodes Stats
- Nodes Info
- Nodes Feature Usage
- Remote Cluster Info
- Task Management API
- Nodes hot_threads
- Cluster Allocation Explain API
- Query DSL
- 查詢context與過濾context
- Match All Query
- 全文搜索
- 匹配查詢
- 短語匹配查詢
- 短語前綴匹配查詢
- 多字段查詢
- 常用術語查詢
- 查詢語句查詢
- 簡單查詢語句
- Term level queries
- Term Query
- Terms Query
- Range Query
- Exists Query
- Prefix Query
- Wildcard Query
- Regexp Query
- Fuzzy Query
- Type Query
- Ids Query
- 復合查詢
- Constant Score 查詢
- Bool 查詢
- Dis Max 查詢
- Function Score 查詢
- Boosting 查詢
- Joining queries
- Has Child Query
- Has Parent Query
- Nested Query(嵌套查詢)
- Parent Id Query
- Geo queries
- GeoShape Query(地理形狀查詢)
- Geo Bounding Box Query(地理邊框查詢)
- Geo Distance Query(地理距離查詢)
- Geo Polygon Query(地理多邊形查詢)
- Specialized queries
- More Like This Query
- Script Query
- Percolate Query
- Span queries
- Span Term 查詢
- Span Multi Term 查詢
- Span First 查詢
- Span Near 查詢
- Span Or 查詢
- Span Not 查詢
- Span Containing 查詢
- Span Within 查詢
- Span Field Masking 查詢 轉至元數據結尾
- Minimum Should Match
- Multi Term Query Rewrite
- Mapping
- Removal of mapping types
- Field datatypes
- Array
- Binary
- Range
- Boolean
- Date
- Geo-point datatype
- Geo-Shape datatype
- IP datatype
- Keyword datatype
- Nested datatype
- Numeric datatypes
- Object datatype
- Text
- Token數
- 滲濾型
- join datatype
- Meta-Fields
- _all field
- _field_names field
- _id field
- _index field
- _meta field
- _routing field
- _source field
- _type field
- _uid field
- Mapping parameters
- analyzer(分析器)
- normalizer(歸一化)
- boost(提升)
- Coerce(強制類型轉換)
- copy_to(合并參數)
- doc_values(文檔值)
- dynamic(動態設置)
- enabled(開啟字段)
- eager_global_ordinals
- fielddata(字段數據)
- format (日期格式)
- ignore_above(忽略超越限制的字段)
- ignore_malformed(忽略格式不對的數據)
- index (索引)
- index_options(索引設置)
- fields(字段)
- Norms (標準信息)
- null_value(空值)
- position_increment_gap(短語位置間隙)
- properties (屬性)
- search_analyzer (搜索分析器)
- similarity (匹配方法)
- store(存儲)
- Term_vectors(詞根信息)
- Dynamic Mapping
- Dynamic field mapping(動態字段映射)
- Dynamic templates(動態模板)
- default mapping(mapping中的_default_)
- Analysis
- Anatomy of an analyzer(分析器的分析)
- Testing analyzers(測試分析器)
- Analyzers(分析器)
- Configuring built-in analyzers(配置內置分析器)
- Standard Analyzer(標準分析器)
- Simple Analyzer(簡單分析器)
- 空白分析器
- Stop Analyzer
- Keyword Analyzer
- 模式分析器
- 語言分析器
- 指紋分析器
- 自定義分析器
- Normalizers
- Tokenizers(分詞器)
- Standard Tokenizer(標準分詞器)
- Letter Tokenizer
- Lowercase Tokenizer (小寫分詞器)
- Whitespace Analyzer
- UAX URL Email Tokenizer
- Classic Tokenizer
- Thai Tokenizer(泰語分詞器)
- NGram Tokenizer
- Edge NGram Tokenizer
- Keyword Analyzer
- Pattern Tokenizer
- Simple Pattern Tokenizer
- Simple Pattern Split Tokenizer
- Path Hierarchy Tokenizer(路徑層次分詞器)
- Token Filters(詞元過濾器)
- Standard Token Filter
- ASCII Folding Token Filter
- Flatten Graph Token Filter
- Length Token Filter
- Lowercase Token Filter
- Uppercase Token Filter
- NGram Token Filter
- Edge NGram Token Filter
- Porter Stem Token Filter
- Shingle Token Filter
- Stop Token Filter
- Word Delimiter Token Filter
- Word Delimiter Graph Token Filter
- Stemmer Token Filter
- Stemmer Override Token Filter
- Keyword Marker Token Filter
- Keyword Repeat Token Filter
- KStem Token Filter
- Snowball Token Filter
- Phonetic Token Filter
- Synonym Token Filter
- Synonym Graph Token Filter
- Compound Word Token Filters
- Reverse Token Filter
- Elision Token Filter
- Truncate Token Filter
- Unique Token Filter
- Pattern Capture Token Filter
- Pattern Replace Token Filter
- Trim Token Filter
- Limit Token Count Token Filter
- Hunspell Token Filter
- Common Grams Token Filter
- Normalization Token Filter
- CJK Width Token Filter
- CJK Bigram Token Filter
- Delimited Payload Token Filter
- Keep Words Token Filter
- Keep Types Token Filter
- Classic Token Filter
- Apostrophe Token Filter
- Decimal Digit Token Filter
- Fingerprint Token Filter
- Minhash Token Filter
- Character Filters(字符過濾器)
- HTML Strip Character Filter
- Mapping Character Filter
- Pattern Replace Character Filter
- 模塊
- Cluster
- 集群級路由和碎片分配
- 基于磁盤的分片分配
- 分片分配awareness
- 分片分配過濾
- Miscellaneous cluster settings
- Scripting
- Painless Scripting Language
- Lucene Expressions Language
- Advanced scripts using script engines
- Snapshot And Restore
- Thread Pool
- Index Modules(索引模塊)
- 預處理節點
- Pipeline Definition
- Ingest APIs
- Put Pipeline API
- Get Pipeline API
- Delete Pipeline API
- Simulate Pipeline API
- Accessing Data in Pipelines
- Handling Failures in Pipelines
- Processors
- Monitoring Elasticsearch
- X-Pack APIs
- X-Pack Commands
- How To
- Testing(測試)
- Glossary of terms
- Release Notes
- X-Pack Release Notes