# Glossary of terms (詞匯表)
##### analysis(分析)
**Analysis**(分析)是將?[full text](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/5.4/glossary.html#glossary-text)(全文)轉化為?[terms](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/5.4/glossary.html#glossary-term)(詞條)的過程。使用不同的?**analyzer**(分詞器),`**FOO BAR**,``**Foo-Bar**<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">,</span>``**foo**,**bar**?``這些短語可能都會生成?`**foo?**和?`**`b``ar?`**`兩個詞條,實際的?**index**(索引)里面存儲的就是這些?**terms**(詞條)`*`。`*`針對``?**FoO:bAR**的?**full text query**(全文檢索),會先將其分析成為?**foo,**`**bar**?這樣的詞條,然后匹配存儲在?**index**(索引)中的?**term**(詞條)。正是這個?**analysis**(分析)的過程(發生在索引和搜索時)使得?**elasticsearch?**能夠執行?**full text queries**(全文檢索)。<span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">也可以參閱?</span>[text](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/5.4/glossary.html#glossary-text)(文本)<span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">和?</span>[term](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/5.4/glossary.html#glossary-term)(詞條)了解更多細節信息。```
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##### <span class="glossterm" style="color: rgb(43, 69, 144);">cluster (集群)</span>
**cluster**(集群)是由擁有同一個集群名的一個或者多個節點組成。每個集群擁有一個主節點,它由集群自行選舉出來,在當前主節點掛了,能被其他節點取代。
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##### <span class="glossterm" style="color: rgb(43, 69, 144);">document (文檔)</span>
**document(文檔)**是存儲在**elasticsearch**中的**json**文檔。類似于關系型數據庫中的一行記錄。每個文檔存儲在一個**index**(索引)中,它具有一個**type**(類型)和一個**id**。文檔是包含零到多個**fields**(屬性)或者鍵值對的**json**對象(類似于其他語言中的hash/hashmap/associative array)。當一個文檔被**indexed**(索引)的時候,它的原始**json**文檔會被存儲成**_source**屬性,對該文檔進行**get**或者**search**操作時,默認返回的就是改屬性。
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##### <span class="glossterm" style="color: rgb(43, 69, 144);">id?</span>
文檔的**ID**標識一個文檔。文檔的index/type/id必須唯一。如果沒有提供**ID**,**elasticsearch**會自動生成一個**ID**。(查詢**routing**(路由)獲取更多信息)
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##### <span class="glossterm" style="color: rgb(43, 69, 144);">field(屬性)?</span>
一個文檔包涵一系列的屬性或者鍵值對。它的值可以是簡單標量值(如字符串,整型數,日期),或者是像數組和對象一樣的嵌套結構。屬性類似于關系型數據庫中的列。每個屬性的**mapping**(映射)都有其類型(不同于**document**(文檔)的**type**(類型)),表明該屬性能存儲成改類型的數據,例如?`integer`,?`string`,?`object。**mapping**(映射)也允許你定義屬性的值是否需要**analyzed**(分詞)。`
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##### <span class="glossterm" style="color: rgb(43, 69, 144);">index (索引)</span>
<span class="glossterm" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">**index**(索引)類似于關系型數據庫中的表。它有一個**mapping**(映射)來定義索引中的**fields**(屬性),這些屬性被分組成多種**type**(類型)。索引是一個邏輯命名空間,它對應一到多個**primary**?**shards**(主分片)和零到多個**replica shards**(副本分片)。</span>
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##### <span class="glossterm" style="color: rgb(43, 69, 144);">mapping (映射)</span>
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">**mapping**(映射)類似于關系型數據庫中的元數據定義。每一個**index**(索引)對應一個**mapping**(映射),它定義了**index**(索引)中的每一個**type**(類型),另外還有一些索引級別的設置。**mapping**(映射)可以顯式定義,或者當一個文檔進行索引時自動生成。</span>
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##### <span class="glossterm" style="color: rgb(43, 69, 144);">node (節點)</span>
<span class="glossterm" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">**node**(節點)是從屬于一個**elasticsearch**集群的正在運行的節點。當以測試為目的時,可以在一臺主機上啟動多個節點,但是通常一臺主機最好運行一個節點。在啟動時,節點會使用廣播的方式,自動感知(網絡中)具有相同集群名的集群,并嘗試加入它。</span>
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##### <span class="glossterm" style="color: rgb(43, 69, 144);">primary shard (主分片)</span>
<span class="glossterm" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">每個文檔存儲在單**primary shard**?(主分片)中。當索引一個文檔時,它會首先被索引到主分片上,然后索引到主分片的所有副本上。默認情況下,一個**index**(索引)有5個**primary shard**?(主分片)。根據**index**(索引)的處理能力,你可以指定更少或者更多的**primary shard**?(主分片)來擴展文檔數量。當**index**(索引)創建之后,**primary shard**?(主分片)的數量不可更改。查詢**routing**(路由)獲取更多信息。</span>
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##### <span class="glossterm" style="color: rgb(43, 69, 144);">replica shard (副本分片)</span>
<span class="glossterm" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">每一個**primary shard**?(主分片)擁有零到多個副本。副本是**primary shard**?(主分片)的拷貝,它的存在有兩個目的:</span>
1. <span class="glossterm" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">增加容錯:當主分片失敗時,一個**replica shard**(副本分片)可以提升為**primary shard**?(主分片)</span>
2. <span class="glossterm" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">提升性能:**primary shard**?(主分片)和**replica shard**(副本分片)都能處理**get**和**shearch**請求。默認情況下,每個**primary shard**?(主分片)有一個副本,副本的個數可以動態的修改。**replica shard**(副本分片)不會和**primary shard**?(主分片)分配在同一個節點上。</span>
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##### <span class="glossterm" style="color: rgb(43, 69, 144);">routing (路由)</span>
<span style="color: rgb(43, 69, 144);">? ?當你索引一個文檔時,它會被存儲在一個單獨的主分片上。通過對routing值進行哈希計算來決定具體是哪一個主分片。默認情況下,routing值是來自于文檔ID,如果文檔指定了一個父文檔,則通過其父文檔ID(保證父子文檔存儲在同一個分片上)。如果你不想使用默認的文檔ID來作為routing值,你可以在索引時直接指定一個routing值,或者在mapping中指定一個字段的值來作為routing值。</span>
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##### <span style="color: rgb(43, 69, 144);">shard (分片)</span>
<span class="glossterm" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">**shard**(分片)是一個**Lucene**實例。它是由**elasticsearch**管理的低層次的工作單元。**index**(索引)是指向 主分片和副本分片的邏輯命名空間。除了定義**index**(索引)應該具有的**primary**?**shard**(主分片)和**replica shard**(副本分片)的數量之外,你不需要對**shard**(分片)作其它的工作。相反,你的代碼應該只處理**index**(索引)。**elasticsearch**將**shards**(分片)分配到整個集群的所有節點上,當節點失敗時可以自動將分片遷移到其他節點或者新增的節點上。</span>
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##### <span class="glossterm" style="color: rgb(43, 69, 144);">source field (源屬性)</span>
<span class="glossterm" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在默認情況下,你索引的**json**?**document**(文檔)會存儲在_source?**field**(屬性)中,**get**和**search**請求會返回該**field**(屬性)。這樣可以直接在搜索結果中獲取原始文檔對象,不需要通過**ID**再檢索一次文檔對象。</span>
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##### <span class="glossterm" style="color: rgb(43, 69, 144);">term (詞條)</span>
<span class="glossterm" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">**term**(詞條)是**elasticsearch**中被索引的確切值。`foo`,?`Foo`,?`FOO 這些**term**(詞條)不相等。**term**(詞條)可以通過詞條搜索來檢索。查詢**text**(文本)和**anaylsis**(分詞)獲取更多信息。`
##### text (文本)
**text**(文本)(或者說全文)是普通的非結構化文本,如一個段落。默認情況下,**text**(文本)會被**analyzed**(分詞)成**term**(詞條),term(詞條)是實際存儲在索引中的內容。文本的**field**(屬性)必須在索引時完成**analyzed**(分詞)來支持全文檢索的功能,全文檢索使用的關鍵詞也必須在搜索時**analyzed**(分詞)成索引時產生的相同**term**(詞條)。查詢**term**(詞條)和**analysis**(分詞)獲取更多信息。
##### type (類型)
**type**(類型)代表文檔的類型,如一封郵件,一個用戶,一條推文。搜索API可以通過文檔類型來過濾。**index**(索引)可以包涵多個類型,每一個**type**(類型)有一系列的**fields**(屬性)。同一個**index**(索引)中不同**type**(類型)的同名**fields**(屬性)必須使用相同的**mapping**(映射)(定義文檔的屬性如何索引以及是文檔能被搜索)。
- 入門
- 基本概念
- 安裝
- 探索你的集群
- 集群健康
- 列出所有索引庫
- 創建一個索引庫
- 索引文檔創建與查詢
- 刪除一個索引庫
- 修改你的數據
- 更新文檔
- 刪除文檔
- 批量處理
- 探索你的數據
- 搜索API
- 查詢語言介紹
- 執行搜索
- 執行過濾
- 執行聚合
- 總結
- Elasticsearch設置
- 安裝Elasticsearch
- .zip或.tar.gz文件的安裝方式
- Install Elasticsearch with .zip on Windows
- Debian軟件包安裝方式
- RPM安裝方式
- Install Elasticsearch with Windows MSI Installer
- Docker安裝方式
- 配置Elasticsearch
- 安全配置
- 日志配置
- 重要的Elasticsearch配置
- 重要的系統配置
- 系統設置
- 在jvm.options中設置JVM堆大小
- 禁用swapping
- 文件描述符
- 虛擬內存
- 線程數
- DNS cache settings
- 啟動前檢查
- 堆大小檢查
- 文件描述符檢查
- 內存鎖定檢查
- 最大線程數檢查
- 最大虛擬內存檢查
- Max file size check
- 最大map數檢查
- JVM Client模式檢查
- 串行收集使用檢查
- 系統調用過濾檢查
- OnError與OnOutOfMemoryError檢查
- Early-access check
- G1GC檢查
- Elasticsearch停機
- Elasticsearch升級
- 滾動升級
- 全集群重啟升級
- 索引重建升級
- Set up X-Pack
- Installing X-Pack
- X-Pack Settings
- Watcher Settings
- Configuring Security
- Breaking changes in 6.0
- X-Pack Breaking Changes
- 重大變化
- 6.0的重大變化
- 聚合變化
- Cat API變化
- 客戶端變化
- 集群變化
- 文檔API變化
- 索引變化
- 預處理變化
- 映射變化
- Packaging變化
- Percolator變化
- 插件變化
- 索引重建變化
- 信息統計變化
- DSL查詢變化
- 設置變化
- 腳本變化
- API約定
- 多索引語法
- 索引庫名稱的日期運算
- 常用選項
- URL-based訪問控制
- 文檔APIs
- 讀寫文檔
- 索引接口
- Get接口
- Delete API
- Delete By Query API
- Update API
- Update By Query API
- Multi Get API
- Bulk API
- Reindex API
- Term Vectors
- Multi termvectors API
- ?refresh
- 搜索APIs
- Search
- URI Search
- Request Body Search
- Query
- From / Size
- Sort
- Source filtering
- Fields
- Script Fields
- Doc value Fields
- Post filter
- Highlighting
- Rescoring
- Search Type
- Scroll
- Preference
- Explain
- Version
- Index Boost
- min_score
- Named Queries
- Inner hits
- Field Collapsing
- Search After
- Search Template
- Multi Search Template
- Search Shards API
- Suggesters
- Term suggester
- Phrase Suggester
- Completion Suggester
- Context Suggester
- Returning the type of the suggester
- Multi Search API
- Count API
- Validate API
- Explain API
- Profile API
- Profiling Queries
- Profiling Aggregations
- Profiling Considerations
- Field Capabilities API
- Aggregations
- Metrics Aggregations
- 平均值聚合
- 值計數聚合(Value Count Aggregation)
- Cardinality Aggregation
- Extended Stats Aggregation
- 地理邊界聚合
- 地理重心聚合
- Max Aggregation
- Min Aggregation
- Percentiles Aggregation
- Percentile Ranks Aggregation
- Scripted Metric Aggregation
- Stats Aggregation
- Sum Aggregation
- Top hits Aggregation
- Value Count Aggregation
- Bucket Aggregations
- 鄰接矩陣聚合
- Children Aggregation
- Date Histogram Aggregation
- Date Range Aggregation
- Significant Terms Aggregation
- Filter Aggregation(過濾器聚合)
- Filters Aggregation
- Geo Distance Aggregation(地理距離聚合) 轉至元數據結尾
- GeoHash grid Aggregation(GeoHash網格聚合)
- Global Aggregation(全局聚合) 轉至元數據結尾
- Histogram Aggregation
- IP Range Aggregation(IP范圍聚合)
- Missing Aggregation
- Nested Aggregation(嵌套聚合)
- Range Aggregation(范圍聚合)
- Reverse nested Aggregation
- Sampler Aggregation
- Significant Terms Aggregation
- Significant Text Aggregation
- Terms Aggregation
- Pipeline Aggregations
- Avg Bucket Aggregation
- Derivative Aggregation(導數聚合)
- Max Bucket Aggregation
- Min Bucket Aggregation
- Sum Bucket Aggregation
- Stats Bucket Aggregation
- Extended Stats Bucket Aggregation(擴展信息桶聚合)
- Percentiles Bucket Aggregation(百分數桶聚合)
- Moving Average Aggregation
- Cumulative Sum Aggregation(累積匯總聚合)
- Bucket Script Aggregation(桶腳本聚合)
- Bucket Selector Aggregation(桶選擇器聚合)
- Serial Differencing Aggregation(串行差異聚合)
- Matrix Aggregations
- Matrix Stats
- Caching heavy aggregations
- Returning only aggregation results
- Aggregation Metadata
- Returning the type of the aggregation
- Indices APIs
- Create Index /創建索引
- Delete Index /刪除索引
- Get Index /獲取索引
- Indices Exists /索引存在
- Open / Close Index API /啟動關閉索引
- Shrink Index /縮小索引
- Rollover Index/滾動索引
- Put Mapping /提交映射
- Get Mapping /獲取映射
- Get Field Mapping /獲取字段映射
- Types Exists
- Index Aliases
- Update Indices Settings
- Get Settings
- Analyze
- Explain Analyze
- Index Templates
- 索引統計信息
- 索引段
- 索引恢復
- 索引分片存儲
- 清理緩存
- 刷新
- 同步刷新
- 重新加載
- 強制合并
- Cat APIs
- cat aliases
- cat allocation
- cat count
- cat fielddata
- cat health
- cat indices
- cat master
- cat nodeattrs
- cat nodes
- cat pending tasks
- cat plugins
- cat recovery
- cat repositories
- cat segments
- cat shards
- cat thread pool
- cat snapshots
- cat templates
- Cluster APIs
- 集群健康
- 集群狀態
- 集群統計
- 掛起的集群任務
- 集群重新路由
- Cluster Update Settings
- Nodes Stats
- Nodes Info
- Nodes Feature Usage
- Remote Cluster Info
- Task Management API
- Nodes hot_threads
- Cluster Allocation Explain API
- Query DSL
- 查詢context與過濾context
- Match All Query
- 全文搜索
- 匹配查詢
- 短語匹配查詢
- 短語前綴匹配查詢
- 多字段查詢
- 常用術語查詢
- 查詢語句查詢
- 簡單查詢語句
- Term level queries
- Term Query
- Terms Query
- Range Query
- Exists Query
- Prefix Query
- Wildcard Query
- Regexp Query
- Fuzzy Query
- Type Query
- Ids Query
- 復合查詢
- Constant Score 查詢
- Bool 查詢
- Dis Max 查詢
- Function Score 查詢
- Boosting 查詢
- Joining queries
- Has Child Query
- Has Parent Query
- Nested Query(嵌套查詢)
- Parent Id Query
- Geo queries
- GeoShape Query(地理形狀查詢)
- Geo Bounding Box Query(地理邊框查詢)
- Geo Distance Query(地理距離查詢)
- Geo Polygon Query(地理多邊形查詢)
- Specialized queries
- More Like This Query
- Script Query
- Percolate Query
- Span queries
- Span Term 查詢
- Span Multi Term 查詢
- Span First 查詢
- Span Near 查詢
- Span Or 查詢
- Span Not 查詢
- Span Containing 查詢
- Span Within 查詢
- Span Field Masking 查詢 轉至元數據結尾
- Minimum Should Match
- Multi Term Query Rewrite
- Mapping
- Removal of mapping types
- Field datatypes
- Array
- Binary
- Range
- Boolean
- Date
- Geo-point datatype
- Geo-Shape datatype
- IP datatype
- Keyword datatype
- Nested datatype
- Numeric datatypes
- Object datatype
- Text
- Token數
- 滲濾型
- join datatype
- Meta-Fields
- _all field
- _field_names field
- _id field
- _index field
- _meta field
- _routing field
- _source field
- _type field
- _uid field
- Mapping parameters
- analyzer(分析器)
- normalizer(歸一化)
- boost(提升)
- Coerce(強制類型轉換)
- copy_to(合并參數)
- doc_values(文檔值)
- dynamic(動態設置)
- enabled(開啟字段)
- eager_global_ordinals
- fielddata(字段數據)
- format (日期格式)
- ignore_above(忽略超越限制的字段)
- ignore_malformed(忽略格式不對的數據)
- index (索引)
- index_options(索引設置)
- fields(字段)
- Norms (標準信息)
- null_value(空值)
- position_increment_gap(短語位置間隙)
- properties (屬性)
- search_analyzer (搜索分析器)
- similarity (匹配方法)
- store(存儲)
- Term_vectors(詞根信息)
- Dynamic Mapping
- Dynamic field mapping(動態字段映射)
- Dynamic templates(動態模板)
- default mapping(mapping中的_default_)
- Analysis
- Anatomy of an analyzer(分析器的分析)
- Testing analyzers(測試分析器)
- Analyzers(分析器)
- Configuring built-in analyzers(配置內置分析器)
- Standard Analyzer(標準分析器)
- Simple Analyzer(簡單分析器)
- 空白分析器
- Stop Analyzer
- Keyword Analyzer
- 模式分析器
- 語言分析器
- 指紋分析器
- 自定義分析器
- Normalizers
- Tokenizers(分詞器)
- Standard Tokenizer(標準分詞器)
- Letter Tokenizer
- Lowercase Tokenizer (小寫分詞器)
- Whitespace Analyzer
- UAX URL Email Tokenizer
- Classic Tokenizer
- Thai Tokenizer(泰語分詞器)
- NGram Tokenizer
- Edge NGram Tokenizer
- Keyword Analyzer
- Pattern Tokenizer
- Simple Pattern Tokenizer
- Simple Pattern Split Tokenizer
- Path Hierarchy Tokenizer(路徑層次分詞器)
- Token Filters(詞元過濾器)
- Standard Token Filter
- ASCII Folding Token Filter
- Flatten Graph Token Filter
- Length Token Filter
- Lowercase Token Filter
- Uppercase Token Filter
- NGram Token Filter
- Edge NGram Token Filter
- Porter Stem Token Filter
- Shingle Token Filter
- Stop Token Filter
- Word Delimiter Token Filter
- Word Delimiter Graph Token Filter
- Stemmer Token Filter
- Stemmer Override Token Filter
- Keyword Marker Token Filter
- Keyword Repeat Token Filter
- KStem Token Filter
- Snowball Token Filter
- Phonetic Token Filter
- Synonym Token Filter
- Synonym Graph Token Filter
- Compound Word Token Filters
- Reverse Token Filter
- Elision Token Filter
- Truncate Token Filter
- Unique Token Filter
- Pattern Capture Token Filter
- Pattern Replace Token Filter
- Trim Token Filter
- Limit Token Count Token Filter
- Hunspell Token Filter
- Common Grams Token Filter
- Normalization Token Filter
- CJK Width Token Filter
- CJK Bigram Token Filter
- Delimited Payload Token Filter
- Keep Words Token Filter
- Keep Types Token Filter
- Classic Token Filter
- Apostrophe Token Filter
- Decimal Digit Token Filter
- Fingerprint Token Filter
- Minhash Token Filter
- Character Filters(字符過濾器)
- HTML Strip Character Filter
- Mapping Character Filter
- Pattern Replace Character Filter
- 模塊
- Cluster
- 集群級路由和碎片分配
- 基于磁盤的分片分配
- 分片分配awareness
- 分片分配過濾
- Miscellaneous cluster settings
- Scripting
- Painless Scripting Language
- Lucene Expressions Language
- Advanced scripts using script engines
- Snapshot And Restore
- Thread Pool
- Index Modules(索引模塊)
- 預處理節點
- Pipeline Definition
- Ingest APIs
- Put Pipeline API
- Get Pipeline API
- Delete Pipeline API
- Simulate Pipeline API
- Accessing Data in Pipelines
- Handling Failures in Pipelines
- Processors
- Monitoring Elasticsearch
- X-Pack APIs
- X-Pack Commands
- How To
- Testing(測試)
- Glossary of terms
- Release Notes
- X-Pack Release Notes