# analyzer(分析器)
`[analyzed](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/5.3/mapping-index.html)(`被分析)的?**string**?**fields**(字符串字段)的值通過?[`analyzer`](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/5.3/analysis.html)(分析器)來傳遞,將字符串轉換為一串?**`tokens`**(標記)標記或者?**`terms`**(詞條)。例如,基于某種分析器,字符串 "**The quick Brown Foxes**" 被解析為 :?**`quick?`**`<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">,</span>`**`brown`,`fox?`**`。`這些是索引該字段的實際?**`terms`**(詞條),可以用來有效地搜索大塊文本內的單個單詞。
這樣的分析過程不僅發生在索引的時候,而且在查詢時也需要 : 查詢字符串需要通過相同(或類似的)**`analyzer?`**分析器傳遞,以便嘗試查找那些存在于索引的相同格式的?**`terms`**(詞條)。
**Elasticsearch?**內置了許多?[`pre-defined analyzers`](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/5.3/analysis-analyzers.html)(預定義的分析器),可以在不進一步配置的情況下使用。它還附帶許多?[`character filters`](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/5.3/analysis-charfilters.html)(字符過濾器),[`tokenizers`](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/5.3/analysis-tokenizers.html)(分詞器)和[`Token Filters`](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/5.3/analysis-tokenfilters.html)(標記過濾器)。可以用來組合配置每個索引的自定義`analyzer`(分析器)。
每一個查詢,每一個字段或索引都可以指定分析器,在索引的時候,**Elasticsearch?**將按以下順序查找?**`analyzer`**(分析器):?
* 定義在字段映射中的?**`analyzer`**(分析器)。
* 索引設置中?**`default`**(默認)的?**`analyzer`**(分析器)。
* [`standard`](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/5.3/analysis-standard-analyzer.html)(標準的)**`analyzer`**(分析器)。
在查詢時,還有幾層 :
* 在?[`full-text query`](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/5.3/full-text-queries.html)(全文查找)中定義的?**`analyzer`**(分析器)。
* 在字段映射中定義的?**`search_analyzer`**(搜索分析器)。
* 在字段映射中定義的?**`analyzer`**(分析器)。
* 在索引配置中?**`default_search`**(默認搜索的)**`analyzer`**(分析器)。
* 索引設置中?**`default`**(默認)的?**`analyzer`**(分析器)。
* [`standard`](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/5.3/analysis-standard-analyzer.html)(標準的)**`analyzer`**(分析器)。
為特定字段指定分析器的最簡單的方法是在字段映射中進行定義,如下所示 :?
|
`curl -XPUT?``'localhost:9200/my_index?pretty'`?`-H?``'Content-Type: application/json'`?`-d'`
`{`
`"mappings"``: {`
`"my_type"``: {`
`"properties"``: {`
`"text"``: {?``# 1`
`"type"``:?``"text"``,`
`"fields"``: {`
`"english"``: {?``# 2`
`"type"``:?????``"text"``,`
`"analyzer"``:?``"english"`
`}`
`}`
`}`
`}`
`}`
`}`
`}`
`'`
`curl -XGET?``'localhost:9200/my_index/_analyze?pretty'`?`-H?``'Content-Type: application/json'`?`-d'?``# 3`
`{`
`"field"``:?``"text"``,`
`"text"``:?``"The quick Brown Foxes."`
`}`
`'`
`curl -XGET?``'localhost:9200/my_index/_analyze?pretty'`?`-H?``'Content-Type: application/json'`?`-d'?``# 4`
`{`
`"field"``:?``"text.english"``,`
`"text"``:?``"The quick Brown Foxes."`
`}`
`'`
|
| 1 | `**text**?`字段使用默認的?**`standard`**(標準的)分析器。 |
| 2 |
**`text.english?`**多字段使用?**`english?`**分詞器,可以刪除?**`stop words`**(停用詞)并應用于?**`stemming?`**詞干。
|
| 3 |
返回?**`tokens`**(標記): [**`the`**,**`quick`**,**`brown`**,**`foxes`**]。
|
| 4 |
返回?**`tokens`**(標記): [**`quick`**,**`brown`**,**`fox`**]。
|
## search_quote_analyzer(搜索引用分析器)
`該?**search_quote_analyzer?**`設置允許你為短語指定?**`analyzer`**(分析器),這在處理禁用短語的?**`stop words`**(停用詞)時特別有用。
要使用三個?**`analyzer`**(分析器)設置來禁用短語的停用詞 :?
1. 一個?**`analyzer`**(分析器)設置成索引所有的?**`terms`**(詞條)包括?**`stop words`**(停用詞)。
2. 一個?**`search_analyzer?`**設置成將移除?**`stop words`**(停用詞)的非短語查詢。
3. 一個?`**search_quote_analyzer**?`設置不會移除?**`stop words`**(停用詞)的短語查詢。
|
`curl -XPUT?``'localhost:9200/my_index?pretty'`?`-H?``'Content-Type: application/json'`?`-d'`
`{`
`"settings"``:{`
`"analysis"``:{`
`"analyzer"``:{`
`"my_analyzer"``:{?``# 1`
`"type"``:``"custom"``,`
`"tokenizer"``:``"standard"``,`
`"filter"``:[`
`"lowercase"`
`]`
`},`
`"my_stop_analyzer"``:{?``# 2`
`"type"``:``"custom"``,`
`"tokenizer"``:``"standard"``,`
`"filter"``:[`
`"lowercase"``,`
`"english_stop"`
`]`
`}`
`},`
`"filter"``:{`
`"english_stop"``:{`
`"type"``:``"stop"``,`
`"stopwords"``:``"_english_"`
`}`
`}`
`}`
`},`
`"mappings"``:{`
`"my_type"``:{`
`"properties"``:{`
`"title"``: {`
`"type"``:``"text"``,`
`"analyzer"``:``"my_analyzer"``,?``# 3`
`"search_analyzer"``:``"my_stop_analyzer"``,?``# 4`
`"search_quote_analyzer"``:``"my_analyzer"`?`# 5`
`}`
`}`
`}`
`}`
`}`
`'`
|
|
`PUT my_index``/my_type/1`
`{`
`"title"``:``"The Quick Brown Fox"`
`}`
`PUT my_index``/my_type/2`
`{`
`"title"``:``"A Quick Brown Fox"`
`}`
`GET my_index``/my_type/_search`
`{`
`"query"``:{`
`"query_string"``:{`
`"query"``:``"\"the quick brown fox\""`?`# 1`
`}`
`}`
`}`
|
| 1 | **`my_analyzer?`**分析器,用于標識所有?`terms`(詞條)包括?**`stop words`**(停用詞)。 |
| 2 | 移除?`**stop**?**words**`(停用詞)的?**`my_stop_analyzer?`**分析器。 |
| 3 | **`analyzer`**(分析器)設置指向將在索引時使用的?**`my_analyzer?`**分析器。 |
| 4 | **`search_analyzer?`**設置指向?**`my_stop_analyzer`**,并移除非短語查詢的**`stop words`**(停用詞)。 |
| 5 | **`search_quote_analyzer?`**設置指向?**`my_analyzer?`**分析器,并確保?**`stop words`**(停用詞)不會從短語查詢中移除。 |
| 1 | 由于查詢時用括號括起來的,因此它被檢測為短語查詢。因此**`search_quote_analyzer?`**會啟動并確保停用詞不會從查詢中移除。**`my_analyzer?`**分析器將返回與其中一個文檔相匹配的?**`terms`**(詞條)[`**the**<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">,</span>``**quick**<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">,</span>``**brown**<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">,</span>`**`fox`**]。同時,將通過?**`my_stop_analyzer?`**分析器分析**`terms`**(詞條)查詢,該分析器將過濾掉?**`stop words`**(停用詞)。因此,搜索?**`The quick brown fox`**?或?**`A quick brown fox`**?將返回兩個文檔,因為這兩個文檔都包含以下?**`tokens`**(詞元)[`**quick**<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">,</span>``**brown**<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">,</span>`**`fox`**]。沒有**`search_quote_analyzer`**,將不可能對??**phrase**?**queries**(短語查詢)做到精確匹配,因為短語查詢時?**`stop words`**(停用詞)會被刪除,從而導致兩個文檔都會被匹配到。 |
- 入門
- 基本概念
- 安裝
- 探索你的集群
- 集群健康
- 列出所有索引庫
- 創建一個索引庫
- 索引文檔創建與查詢
- 刪除一個索引庫
- 修改你的數據
- 更新文檔
- 刪除文檔
- 批量處理
- 探索你的數據
- 搜索API
- 查詢語言介紹
- 執行搜索
- 執行過濾
- 執行聚合
- 總結
- Elasticsearch設置
- 安裝Elasticsearch
- .zip或.tar.gz文件的安裝方式
- Install Elasticsearch with .zip on Windows
- Debian軟件包安裝方式
- RPM安裝方式
- Install Elasticsearch with Windows MSI Installer
- Docker安裝方式
- 配置Elasticsearch
- 安全配置
- 日志配置
- 重要的Elasticsearch配置
- 重要的系統配置
- 系統設置
- 在jvm.options中設置JVM堆大小
- 禁用swapping
- 文件描述符
- 虛擬內存
- 線程數
- DNS cache settings
- 啟動前檢查
- 堆大小檢查
- 文件描述符檢查
- 內存鎖定檢查
- 最大線程數檢查
- 最大虛擬內存檢查
- Max file size check
- 最大map數檢查
- JVM Client模式檢查
- 串行收集使用檢查
- 系統調用過濾檢查
- OnError與OnOutOfMemoryError檢查
- Early-access check
- G1GC檢查
- Elasticsearch停機
- Elasticsearch升級
- 滾動升級
- 全集群重啟升級
- 索引重建升級
- Set up X-Pack
- Installing X-Pack
- X-Pack Settings
- Watcher Settings
- Configuring Security
- Breaking changes in 6.0
- X-Pack Breaking Changes
- 重大變化
- 6.0的重大變化
- 聚合變化
- Cat API變化
- 客戶端變化
- 集群變化
- 文檔API變化
- 索引變化
- 預處理變化
- 映射變化
- Packaging變化
- Percolator變化
- 插件變化
- 索引重建變化
- 信息統計變化
- DSL查詢變化
- 設置變化
- 腳本變化
- API約定
- 多索引語法
- 索引庫名稱的日期運算
- 常用選項
- URL-based訪問控制
- 文檔APIs
- 讀寫文檔
- 索引接口
- Get接口
- Delete API
- Delete By Query API
- Update API
- Update By Query API
- Multi Get API
- Bulk API
- Reindex API
- Term Vectors
- Multi termvectors API
- ?refresh
- 搜索APIs
- Search
- URI Search
- Request Body Search
- Query
- From / Size
- Sort
- Source filtering
- Fields
- Script Fields
- Doc value Fields
- Post filter
- Highlighting
- Rescoring
- Search Type
- Scroll
- Preference
- Explain
- Version
- Index Boost
- min_score
- Named Queries
- Inner hits
- Field Collapsing
- Search After
- Search Template
- Multi Search Template
- Search Shards API
- Suggesters
- Term suggester
- Phrase Suggester
- Completion Suggester
- Context Suggester
- Returning the type of the suggester
- Multi Search API
- Count API
- Validate API
- Explain API
- Profile API
- Profiling Queries
- Profiling Aggregations
- Profiling Considerations
- Field Capabilities API
- Aggregations
- Metrics Aggregations
- 平均值聚合
- 值計數聚合(Value Count Aggregation)
- Cardinality Aggregation
- Extended Stats Aggregation
- 地理邊界聚合
- 地理重心聚合
- Max Aggregation
- Min Aggregation
- Percentiles Aggregation
- Percentile Ranks Aggregation
- Scripted Metric Aggregation
- Stats Aggregation
- Sum Aggregation
- Top hits Aggregation
- Value Count Aggregation
- Bucket Aggregations
- 鄰接矩陣聚合
- Children Aggregation
- Date Histogram Aggregation
- Date Range Aggregation
- Significant Terms Aggregation
- Filter Aggregation(過濾器聚合)
- Filters Aggregation
- Geo Distance Aggregation(地理距離聚合) 轉至元數據結尾
- GeoHash grid Aggregation(GeoHash網格聚合)
- Global Aggregation(全局聚合) 轉至元數據結尾
- Histogram Aggregation
- IP Range Aggregation(IP范圍聚合)
- Missing Aggregation
- Nested Aggregation(嵌套聚合)
- Range Aggregation(范圍聚合)
- Reverse nested Aggregation
- Sampler Aggregation
- Significant Terms Aggregation
- Significant Text Aggregation
- Terms Aggregation
- Pipeline Aggregations
- Avg Bucket Aggregation
- Derivative Aggregation(導數聚合)
- Max Bucket Aggregation
- Min Bucket Aggregation
- Sum Bucket Aggregation
- Stats Bucket Aggregation
- Extended Stats Bucket Aggregation(擴展信息桶聚合)
- Percentiles Bucket Aggregation(百分數桶聚合)
- Moving Average Aggregation
- Cumulative Sum Aggregation(累積匯總聚合)
- Bucket Script Aggregation(桶腳本聚合)
- Bucket Selector Aggregation(桶選擇器聚合)
- Serial Differencing Aggregation(串行差異聚合)
- Matrix Aggregations
- Matrix Stats
- Caching heavy aggregations
- Returning only aggregation results
- Aggregation Metadata
- Returning the type of the aggregation
- Indices APIs
- Create Index /創建索引
- Delete Index /刪除索引
- Get Index /獲取索引
- Indices Exists /索引存在
- Open / Close Index API /啟動關閉索引
- Shrink Index /縮小索引
- Rollover Index/滾動索引
- Put Mapping /提交映射
- Get Mapping /獲取映射
- Get Field Mapping /獲取字段映射
- Types Exists
- Index Aliases
- Update Indices Settings
- Get Settings
- Analyze
- Explain Analyze
- Index Templates
- 索引統計信息
- 索引段
- 索引恢復
- 索引分片存儲
- 清理緩存
- 刷新
- 同步刷新
- 重新加載
- 強制合并
- Cat APIs
- cat aliases
- cat allocation
- cat count
- cat fielddata
- cat health
- cat indices
- cat master
- cat nodeattrs
- cat nodes
- cat pending tasks
- cat plugins
- cat recovery
- cat repositories
- cat segments
- cat shards
- cat thread pool
- cat snapshots
- cat templates
- Cluster APIs
- 集群健康
- 集群狀態
- 集群統計
- 掛起的集群任務
- 集群重新路由
- Cluster Update Settings
- Nodes Stats
- Nodes Info
- Nodes Feature Usage
- Remote Cluster Info
- Task Management API
- Nodes hot_threads
- Cluster Allocation Explain API
- Query DSL
- 查詢context與過濾context
- Match All Query
- 全文搜索
- 匹配查詢
- 短語匹配查詢
- 短語前綴匹配查詢
- 多字段查詢
- 常用術語查詢
- 查詢語句查詢
- 簡單查詢語句
- Term level queries
- Term Query
- Terms Query
- Range Query
- Exists Query
- Prefix Query
- Wildcard Query
- Regexp Query
- Fuzzy Query
- Type Query
- Ids Query
- 復合查詢
- Constant Score 查詢
- Bool 查詢
- Dis Max 查詢
- Function Score 查詢
- Boosting 查詢
- Joining queries
- Has Child Query
- Has Parent Query
- Nested Query(嵌套查詢)
- Parent Id Query
- Geo queries
- GeoShape Query(地理形狀查詢)
- Geo Bounding Box Query(地理邊框查詢)
- Geo Distance Query(地理距離查詢)
- Geo Polygon Query(地理多邊形查詢)
- Specialized queries
- More Like This Query
- Script Query
- Percolate Query
- Span queries
- Span Term 查詢
- Span Multi Term 查詢
- Span First 查詢
- Span Near 查詢
- Span Or 查詢
- Span Not 查詢
- Span Containing 查詢
- Span Within 查詢
- Span Field Masking 查詢 轉至元數據結尾
- Minimum Should Match
- Multi Term Query Rewrite
- Mapping
- Removal of mapping types
- Field datatypes
- Array
- Binary
- Range
- Boolean
- Date
- Geo-point datatype
- Geo-Shape datatype
- IP datatype
- Keyword datatype
- Nested datatype
- Numeric datatypes
- Object datatype
- Text
- Token數
- 滲濾型
- join datatype
- Meta-Fields
- _all field
- _field_names field
- _id field
- _index field
- _meta field
- _routing field
- _source field
- _type field
- _uid field
- Mapping parameters
- analyzer(分析器)
- normalizer(歸一化)
- boost(提升)
- Coerce(強制類型轉換)
- copy_to(合并參數)
- doc_values(文檔值)
- dynamic(動態設置)
- enabled(開啟字段)
- eager_global_ordinals
- fielddata(字段數據)
- format (日期格式)
- ignore_above(忽略超越限制的字段)
- ignore_malformed(忽略格式不對的數據)
- index (索引)
- index_options(索引設置)
- fields(字段)
- Norms (標準信息)
- null_value(空值)
- position_increment_gap(短語位置間隙)
- properties (屬性)
- search_analyzer (搜索分析器)
- similarity (匹配方法)
- store(存儲)
- Term_vectors(詞根信息)
- Dynamic Mapping
- Dynamic field mapping(動態字段映射)
- Dynamic templates(動態模板)
- default mapping(mapping中的_default_)
- Analysis
- Anatomy of an analyzer(分析器的分析)
- Testing analyzers(測試分析器)
- Analyzers(分析器)
- Configuring built-in analyzers(配置內置分析器)
- Standard Analyzer(標準分析器)
- Simple Analyzer(簡單分析器)
- 空白分析器
- Stop Analyzer
- Keyword Analyzer
- 模式分析器
- 語言分析器
- 指紋分析器
- 自定義分析器
- Normalizers
- Tokenizers(分詞器)
- Standard Tokenizer(標準分詞器)
- Letter Tokenizer
- Lowercase Tokenizer (小寫分詞器)
- Whitespace Analyzer
- UAX URL Email Tokenizer
- Classic Tokenizer
- Thai Tokenizer(泰語分詞器)
- NGram Tokenizer
- Edge NGram Tokenizer
- Keyword Analyzer
- Pattern Tokenizer
- Simple Pattern Tokenizer
- Simple Pattern Split Tokenizer
- Path Hierarchy Tokenizer(路徑層次分詞器)
- Token Filters(詞元過濾器)
- Standard Token Filter
- ASCII Folding Token Filter
- Flatten Graph Token Filter
- Length Token Filter
- Lowercase Token Filter
- Uppercase Token Filter
- NGram Token Filter
- Edge NGram Token Filter
- Porter Stem Token Filter
- Shingle Token Filter
- Stop Token Filter
- Word Delimiter Token Filter
- Word Delimiter Graph Token Filter
- Stemmer Token Filter
- Stemmer Override Token Filter
- Keyword Marker Token Filter
- Keyword Repeat Token Filter
- KStem Token Filter
- Snowball Token Filter
- Phonetic Token Filter
- Synonym Token Filter
- Synonym Graph Token Filter
- Compound Word Token Filters
- Reverse Token Filter
- Elision Token Filter
- Truncate Token Filter
- Unique Token Filter
- Pattern Capture Token Filter
- Pattern Replace Token Filter
- Trim Token Filter
- Limit Token Count Token Filter
- Hunspell Token Filter
- Common Grams Token Filter
- Normalization Token Filter
- CJK Width Token Filter
- CJK Bigram Token Filter
- Delimited Payload Token Filter
- Keep Words Token Filter
- Keep Types Token Filter
- Classic Token Filter
- Apostrophe Token Filter
- Decimal Digit Token Filter
- Fingerprint Token Filter
- Minhash Token Filter
- Character Filters(字符過濾器)
- HTML Strip Character Filter
- Mapping Character Filter
- Pattern Replace Character Filter
- 模塊
- Cluster
- 集群級路由和碎片分配
- 基于磁盤的分片分配
- 分片分配awareness
- 分片分配過濾
- Miscellaneous cluster settings
- Scripting
- Painless Scripting Language
- Lucene Expressions Language
- Advanced scripts using script engines
- Snapshot And Restore
- Thread Pool
- Index Modules(索引模塊)
- 預處理節點
- Pipeline Definition
- Ingest APIs
- Put Pipeline API
- Get Pipeline API
- Delete Pipeline API
- Simulate Pipeline API
- Accessing Data in Pipelines
- Handling Failures in Pipelines
- Processors
- Monitoring Elasticsearch
- X-Pack APIs
- X-Pack Commands
- How To
- Testing(測試)
- Glossary of terms
- Release Notes
- X-Pack Release Notes