# RPM安裝方式
Elasticsearch的RPM軟件包可以從[我們的網站下載](#install-rpm)或從[我們的APT倉庫](#rpm-repo)安裝。它可以用于任何基于RPM的系統上安裝Elasticsearch,如OpenSuse、SLES、Centos、Red Hat與企業級Oracle。
> 注意
>
> RPM包不支持老的RPM平臺,譬如SLES 11與CentOS 5,這些平臺請采用[.zip或.tar.gz文件的安裝方式](Installing_Elasticsearch/Install_Elasticsearch_with_.zip_or_.tar.gz.md)。
>
> 注意
>
> Elasticsearch需要Java 8或更高版本。可以使用[Oracle官方發布](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html)或開源版本的[OpenJDK](http://openjdk.java.net/)。
Elasticsearch的最新穩定版本可以在[Elasticsearch下載](https://www.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch)頁面獲取。其它版本可以在上[之前的下載頁面](https://www.elastic.co/downloads/past-releases)找到。
## 導入Elasticsearch PGP Key
Elasticsearch的所有包都采用如下指紋與簽名Key進行簽名(PGP key [D88E42B4](https://pgp.mit.edu/pks/lookup?op=vindex&search=0xD27D666CD88E42B4),可從[https://pgp.mit.edu](https://pgp.mit.edu/)):
```
4609 5ACC 8548 582C 1A26 99A9 D27D 666C D88E 42B4
```
下載并安裝該公用簽名密鑰:
```
rpm --import https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
```
## 從RPM倉庫中安裝
在基于RedHat的平臺中請在`/etc/yum.repos.d/`文件夾下創建一個`elasticsearch.repo`文件,在基于OpenSuse的平臺中請在`/etc/zypp/repos.d/`文件夾下創建一個`elasticsearch.repo`文件,內容如下:
```
[elasticsearch-6.x]
name=Elasticsearch repository for 6.x packages
baseurl=https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/6.x/yum
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
enabled=1
autorefresh=1
type=rpm-md
```
你的倉庫就準備好了,你可以采用下面的命令來安裝它:
```
sudo yum install elasticsearch #①
sudo dnf install elasticsearch #②
sudo zypper install elasticsearch #③
```
① 在CentOS與老的Red Hat發行版本中使用`yum`指令
② 在Fedora與新的Red Hat發行版本中使用`dnf`指令
③ 在OpenSuse的發行版本中使用`zypper`指令
## 手動下載并安裝RPM軟件包
Elasticsearch的6.0.0版本RPM安裝包可以通過如下指令從網站下載與安裝:
```
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-6.0.0.rpm
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-6.0.0.rpm.sha512
shasum -a 512 -c elasticsearch-6.0.0.rpm.sha512 ①
sudo rpm --install elasticsearch-6.0.0.rpm
```
① Compares the SHA of the downloaded RPM and the published checksum, which should output?`elasticsearch-{version}.rpm: OK`.
> 注意
>
> On systemd-based distributions, the installation scripts will attempt to set kernel parameters (e.g.,?`vm.max_map_count`); you can skip this by masking the systemd-sysctl.service unit.
## `SysV init` vs `systemd`
Elasticsearch不是在安裝后自動啟動。如何啟動和停止Elasticsearch取決于你的系統是否使用的`SysV init`或`system`(較新發行版中使用)。你可以說這是一個用來運行以下命令:
```
ps -p 1
```
## 通過`SysV init`啟動Elasticsearch
使用`chkconfig`命令來配置Elasticsearch在系統啟動時自動啟動:
```
sudo chkconfig --add elasticsearch
```
Elasticsearch可以通過`service`命令來啟動與停止:
```
sudo -i service elasticsearch start
sudo -i service elasticsearch stop
```
任何原因的Elasticsearch啟動失敗,都會將原因打印到控制套。日志文件可以在`/var/log/elasticsearch/`中找到。
## 通過`systemd`啟動Elasticsearch
要配置Elasticsearch在系統啟動時自動啟動,運行以下命令:
```
sudo /bin/systemctl daemon-reload
sudo /bin/systemctl enable elasticsearch.service
```
Elasticsearch可以通過service命令來啟動與停止:
```
sudo systemctl start elasticsearch.service
sudo systemctl stop elasticsearch.service
```
無論Elasticsearch是否成功沒有啟動, 這些命令不提供反饋。相反,該信息將被寫入位于`/var/log/elasticsearch/`的日志文件中。
默認情況下,Elasticsearch服務的信息不記錄在信息`systemd` 的`journal`日志中。若要啟用`journalctl`日志記錄,在`elasticsearch.service`文件的`ExecStart`命令行中必須刪除`--quiet`選項。
當`systemd`啟用了日志記錄,日志信息的使用可用`journalctl`命令:
`tail`查看`journal`:
```
sudo journalctl -f
```
要列出`journal`中elasticsearch服務的日志條目:
```
sudo journalctl --unit elasticsearch
```
要列出指定時間之后的列出`journal`中elasticsearch服務的日志條目:
```
sudo journalctl --unit elasticsearch --since "2016-10-30 18:17:16"
```
更多的`journalctl`操作手冊,請參考:<https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/journalctl.html>。
## 檢查Elasticsearch運行
您可以在已運行的Elasticsearch節點上,發送一個HTTP請求測試`localhost`的`9200`端口:
```
GET /
```
返回的消息應該是這樣的:
```
{
"name" : "Cp8oag6",
"cluster_name" : "elasticsearch",
"cluster_uuid" : "AT69_T_DTp-1qgIJlatQqA",
"version" : {
"number" : "6.0.0",
"build_hash" : "f27399d",
"build_date" : "2016-03-30T09:51:41.449Z",
"build_snapshot" : false,
"lucene_version" : "7.0.1",
"minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "1.2.3",
"minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "1.2.3"
},
"tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}
```
## 配置Elasticsearch
Elasticsearch defaults to using?`/etc/elasticsearch`?for runtime configuration. The ownership of this directory and all files in this directory are set to`root:elasticsearch`?on package installation and the directory has the?`setgid`?flag set so that any files and subdirectories created under?`/etc/elasticsearch`?are created with this ownership as well (e.g., if a keystore is created using the[keystore tool](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/6.0/secure-settings.html "Secure Settings")). It is expected that this be maintained so that the Elasticsearch process can read the files under this directory via the group permissions.
Elasticsearch loads its configuration from the`/etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml`?file by default. The format of this config file is explained in?[*Configuring Elasticsearch*](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/6.0/settings.html "Configuring Elasticsearch").
RPM軟件包也有一個系統配置文件(`/etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch`),它允許你設置以下參數:
* JAVA\_HOME自定義java路徑。
* MAX\_OPEN\_FILES最大的打開文件數,默認最大數量`65536`。
* MAX\_LOCKED\_MEMORY最大鎖定內存大小。你使用`bootstrap.memory_lock`的`elasticsearch.yml`選項將被設置為`unlimited`。
* MAX\_MAP\_COUNT進程的內存映射區域最大數量。如果你使用`mmapfs`的索引存儲類型,確保此項設置為高值。欲了解更多信息,請查看[Linux內核文件](https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/master/Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt)查看相關的`max_map_count`。這是在啟動elasticsearch之前通過`sysctl`設置的,默認為262144。
* ES_PATH_CONF配置文件目錄(其中必須包括`elasticsearch.yml`和`log4j2.properties`文件),默認為`/etc/elasticsearch`。
* ES\_JAVA\_OPTS任何額外的JVM系統屬性,你可能要應用。
* RESTART\_ON\_UPGRADE配置在安裝包升級后重啟,默認為`false`。這意味著你將在安裝包后需要手動重新啟動您的elasticsearch實例。這樣做的原因是為了保證,在群集升級時不會連續的重新分配分片導致高網絡流量、并降低群集的響應時間。
> 注意
>
> 使用systemd部署需要配置`systemd`的系統資源限制,而不是通過`/etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch`文件。更多信息請參見:[系統設置](../Important_System_Configuration/Configuring_system_settings.md#systemd)。
## RPM目錄結構
RPM包中配置文件、日志和數據目錄在RPM-based系統中對應的位置:
* home Elasticsearch主目錄或 $ES\_HOME/usr/share/elasticsearch
* bin 二進制腳本,包括啟動節點的`elasticsearch`、安裝插件的`elasticsearch-plugin`/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin
* conf 配置文件,包括`lasticsearch.yml`/etc/elasticsearch path.conf
* conf 環境變量,包括heap大小、文件操作符/etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch
* data 節點上分配的各索引/分片的數據文件的目錄,可以配置多個位置。/var/lib/elasticsearch path.data
* logs 日志文件的位置。/var/log/elasticsearchpath.logs
* plugins 插件的位置。每一個插件將被包含在一個子目錄。/usr/share/elasticsearch/plugins
* repo 共享文件系統存儲庫位置。可以容納多個位置。文件系統存儲庫可以放在這里指定的任意目錄中的任何子目錄。未配置path.repo
## 下一步
現在,您搭建了一個測試環境Elasticsearch。開始更深入的研究或投入生產使用Elasticsearch之前,你需要做一些額外的配置:
- 了解如何[配置Elasticsearch](../Configuring_Elasticsearch.md)。
- 配置[重要的Elasticsearch設置](../Important_Elasticsearch_configuration.md)。
- 配置[重要的系統設置](../Important_System_Configuration.md)。
> my note
>
> `/etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch` 文件的配置
> journalctl 查看日志
> 注意elasticsearch的目錄權限
- 入門
- 基本概念
- 安裝
- 探索你的集群
- 集群健康
- 列出所有索引庫
- 創建一個索引庫
- 索引文檔創建與查詢
- 刪除一個索引庫
- 修改你的數據
- 更新文檔
- 刪除文檔
- 批量處理
- 探索你的數據
- 搜索API
- 查詢語言介紹
- 執行搜索
- 執行過濾
- 執行聚合
- 總結
- Elasticsearch設置
- 安裝Elasticsearch
- .zip或.tar.gz文件的安裝方式
- Install Elasticsearch with .zip on Windows
- Debian軟件包安裝方式
- RPM安裝方式
- Install Elasticsearch with Windows MSI Installer
- Docker安裝方式
- 配置Elasticsearch
- 安全配置
- 日志配置
- 重要的Elasticsearch配置
- 重要的系統配置
- 系統設置
- 在jvm.options中設置JVM堆大小
- 禁用swapping
- 文件描述符
- 虛擬內存
- 線程數
- DNS cache settings
- 啟動前檢查
- 堆大小檢查
- 文件描述符檢查
- 內存鎖定檢查
- 最大線程數檢查
- 最大虛擬內存檢查
- Max file size check
- 最大map數檢查
- JVM Client模式檢查
- 串行收集使用檢查
- 系統調用過濾檢查
- OnError與OnOutOfMemoryError檢查
- Early-access check
- G1GC檢查
- Elasticsearch停機
- Elasticsearch升級
- 滾動升級
- 全集群重啟升級
- 索引重建升級
- Set up X-Pack
- Installing X-Pack
- X-Pack Settings
- Watcher Settings
- Configuring Security
- Breaking changes in 6.0
- X-Pack Breaking Changes
- 重大變化
- 6.0的重大變化
- 聚合變化
- Cat API變化
- 客戶端變化
- 集群變化
- 文檔API變化
- 索引變化
- 預處理變化
- 映射變化
- Packaging變化
- Percolator變化
- 插件變化
- 索引重建變化
- 信息統計變化
- DSL查詢變化
- 設置變化
- 腳本變化
- API約定
- 多索引語法
- 索引庫名稱的日期運算
- 常用選項
- URL-based訪問控制
- 文檔APIs
- 讀寫文檔
- 索引接口
- Get接口
- Delete API
- Delete By Query API
- Update API
- Update By Query API
- Multi Get API
- Bulk API
- Reindex API
- Term Vectors
- Multi termvectors API
- ?refresh
- 搜索APIs
- Search
- URI Search
- Request Body Search
- Query
- From / Size
- Sort
- Source filtering
- Fields
- Script Fields
- Doc value Fields
- Post filter
- Highlighting
- Rescoring
- Search Type
- Scroll
- Preference
- Explain
- Version
- Index Boost
- min_score
- Named Queries
- Inner hits
- Field Collapsing
- Search After
- Search Template
- Multi Search Template
- Search Shards API
- Suggesters
- Term suggester
- Phrase Suggester
- Completion Suggester
- Context Suggester
- Returning the type of the suggester
- Multi Search API
- Count API
- Validate API
- Explain API
- Profile API
- Profiling Queries
- Profiling Aggregations
- Profiling Considerations
- Field Capabilities API
- Aggregations
- Metrics Aggregations
- 平均值聚合
- 值計數聚合(Value Count Aggregation)
- Cardinality Aggregation
- Extended Stats Aggregation
- 地理邊界聚合
- 地理重心聚合
- Max Aggregation
- Min Aggregation
- Percentiles Aggregation
- Percentile Ranks Aggregation
- Scripted Metric Aggregation
- Stats Aggregation
- Sum Aggregation
- Top hits Aggregation
- Value Count Aggregation
- Bucket Aggregations
- 鄰接矩陣聚合
- Children Aggregation
- Date Histogram Aggregation
- Date Range Aggregation
- Significant Terms Aggregation
- Filter Aggregation(過濾器聚合)
- Filters Aggregation
- Geo Distance Aggregation(地理距離聚合) 轉至元數據結尾
- GeoHash grid Aggregation(GeoHash網格聚合)
- Global Aggregation(全局聚合) 轉至元數據結尾
- Histogram Aggregation
- IP Range Aggregation(IP范圍聚合)
- Missing Aggregation
- Nested Aggregation(嵌套聚合)
- Range Aggregation(范圍聚合)
- Reverse nested Aggregation
- Sampler Aggregation
- Significant Terms Aggregation
- Significant Text Aggregation
- Terms Aggregation
- Pipeline Aggregations
- Avg Bucket Aggregation
- Derivative Aggregation(導數聚合)
- Max Bucket Aggregation
- Min Bucket Aggregation
- Sum Bucket Aggregation
- Stats Bucket Aggregation
- Extended Stats Bucket Aggregation(擴展信息桶聚合)
- Percentiles Bucket Aggregation(百分數桶聚合)
- Moving Average Aggregation
- Cumulative Sum Aggregation(累積匯總聚合)
- Bucket Script Aggregation(桶腳本聚合)
- Bucket Selector Aggregation(桶選擇器聚合)
- Serial Differencing Aggregation(串行差異聚合)
- Matrix Aggregations
- Matrix Stats
- Caching heavy aggregations
- Returning only aggregation results
- Aggregation Metadata
- Returning the type of the aggregation
- Indices APIs
- Create Index /創建索引
- Delete Index /刪除索引
- Get Index /獲取索引
- Indices Exists /索引存在
- Open / Close Index API /啟動關閉索引
- Shrink Index /縮小索引
- Rollover Index/滾動索引
- Put Mapping /提交映射
- Get Mapping /獲取映射
- Get Field Mapping /獲取字段映射
- Types Exists
- Index Aliases
- Update Indices Settings
- Get Settings
- Analyze
- Explain Analyze
- Index Templates
- 索引統計信息
- 索引段
- 索引恢復
- 索引分片存儲
- 清理緩存
- 刷新
- 同步刷新
- 重新加載
- 強制合并
- Cat APIs
- cat aliases
- cat allocation
- cat count
- cat fielddata
- cat health
- cat indices
- cat master
- cat nodeattrs
- cat nodes
- cat pending tasks
- cat plugins
- cat recovery
- cat repositories
- cat segments
- cat shards
- cat thread pool
- cat snapshots
- cat templates
- Cluster APIs
- 集群健康
- 集群狀態
- 集群統計
- 掛起的集群任務
- 集群重新路由
- Cluster Update Settings
- Nodes Stats
- Nodes Info
- Nodes Feature Usage
- Remote Cluster Info
- Task Management API
- Nodes hot_threads
- Cluster Allocation Explain API
- Query DSL
- 查詢context與過濾context
- Match All Query
- 全文搜索
- 匹配查詢
- 短語匹配查詢
- 短語前綴匹配查詢
- 多字段查詢
- 常用術語查詢
- 查詢語句查詢
- 簡單查詢語句
- Term level queries
- Term Query
- Terms Query
- Range Query
- Exists Query
- Prefix Query
- Wildcard Query
- Regexp Query
- Fuzzy Query
- Type Query
- Ids Query
- 復合查詢
- Constant Score 查詢
- Bool 查詢
- Dis Max 查詢
- Function Score 查詢
- Boosting 查詢
- Joining queries
- Has Child Query
- Has Parent Query
- Nested Query(嵌套查詢)
- Parent Id Query
- Geo queries
- GeoShape Query(地理形狀查詢)
- Geo Bounding Box Query(地理邊框查詢)
- Geo Distance Query(地理距離查詢)
- Geo Polygon Query(地理多邊形查詢)
- Specialized queries
- More Like This Query
- Script Query
- Percolate Query
- Span queries
- Span Term 查詢
- Span Multi Term 查詢
- Span First 查詢
- Span Near 查詢
- Span Or 查詢
- Span Not 查詢
- Span Containing 查詢
- Span Within 查詢
- Span Field Masking 查詢 轉至元數據結尾
- Minimum Should Match
- Multi Term Query Rewrite
- Mapping
- Removal of mapping types
- Field datatypes
- Array
- Binary
- Range
- Boolean
- Date
- Geo-point datatype
- Geo-Shape datatype
- IP datatype
- Keyword datatype
- Nested datatype
- Numeric datatypes
- Object datatype
- Text
- Token數
- 滲濾型
- join datatype
- Meta-Fields
- _all field
- _field_names field
- _id field
- _index field
- _meta field
- _routing field
- _source field
- _type field
- _uid field
- Mapping parameters
- analyzer(分析器)
- normalizer(歸一化)
- boost(提升)
- Coerce(強制類型轉換)
- copy_to(合并參數)
- doc_values(文檔值)
- dynamic(動態設置)
- enabled(開啟字段)
- eager_global_ordinals
- fielddata(字段數據)
- format (日期格式)
- ignore_above(忽略超越限制的字段)
- ignore_malformed(忽略格式不對的數據)
- index (索引)
- index_options(索引設置)
- fields(字段)
- Norms (標準信息)
- null_value(空值)
- position_increment_gap(短語位置間隙)
- properties (屬性)
- search_analyzer (搜索分析器)
- similarity (匹配方法)
- store(存儲)
- Term_vectors(詞根信息)
- Dynamic Mapping
- Dynamic field mapping(動態字段映射)
- Dynamic templates(動態模板)
- default mapping(mapping中的_default_)
- Analysis
- Anatomy of an analyzer(分析器的分析)
- Testing analyzers(測試分析器)
- Analyzers(分析器)
- Configuring built-in analyzers(配置內置分析器)
- Standard Analyzer(標準分析器)
- Simple Analyzer(簡單分析器)
- 空白分析器
- Stop Analyzer
- Keyword Analyzer
- 模式分析器
- 語言分析器
- 指紋分析器
- 自定義分析器
- Normalizers
- Tokenizers(分詞器)
- Standard Tokenizer(標準分詞器)
- Letter Tokenizer
- Lowercase Tokenizer (小寫分詞器)
- Whitespace Analyzer
- UAX URL Email Tokenizer
- Classic Tokenizer
- Thai Tokenizer(泰語分詞器)
- NGram Tokenizer
- Edge NGram Tokenizer
- Keyword Analyzer
- Pattern Tokenizer
- Simple Pattern Tokenizer
- Simple Pattern Split Tokenizer
- Path Hierarchy Tokenizer(路徑層次分詞器)
- Token Filters(詞元過濾器)
- Standard Token Filter
- ASCII Folding Token Filter
- Flatten Graph Token Filter
- Length Token Filter
- Lowercase Token Filter
- Uppercase Token Filter
- NGram Token Filter
- Edge NGram Token Filter
- Porter Stem Token Filter
- Shingle Token Filter
- Stop Token Filter
- Word Delimiter Token Filter
- Word Delimiter Graph Token Filter
- Stemmer Token Filter
- Stemmer Override Token Filter
- Keyword Marker Token Filter
- Keyword Repeat Token Filter
- KStem Token Filter
- Snowball Token Filter
- Phonetic Token Filter
- Synonym Token Filter
- Synonym Graph Token Filter
- Compound Word Token Filters
- Reverse Token Filter
- Elision Token Filter
- Truncate Token Filter
- Unique Token Filter
- Pattern Capture Token Filter
- Pattern Replace Token Filter
- Trim Token Filter
- Limit Token Count Token Filter
- Hunspell Token Filter
- Common Grams Token Filter
- Normalization Token Filter
- CJK Width Token Filter
- CJK Bigram Token Filter
- Delimited Payload Token Filter
- Keep Words Token Filter
- Keep Types Token Filter
- Classic Token Filter
- Apostrophe Token Filter
- Decimal Digit Token Filter
- Fingerprint Token Filter
- Minhash Token Filter
- Character Filters(字符過濾器)
- HTML Strip Character Filter
- Mapping Character Filter
- Pattern Replace Character Filter
- 模塊
- Cluster
- 集群級路由和碎片分配
- 基于磁盤的分片分配
- 分片分配awareness
- 分片分配過濾
- Miscellaneous cluster settings
- Scripting
- Painless Scripting Language
- Lucene Expressions Language
- Advanced scripts using script engines
- Snapshot And Restore
- Thread Pool
- Index Modules(索引模塊)
- 預處理節點
- Pipeline Definition
- Ingest APIs
- Put Pipeline API
- Get Pipeline API
- Delete Pipeline API
- Simulate Pipeline API
- Accessing Data in Pipelines
- Handling Failures in Pipelines
- Processors
- Monitoring Elasticsearch
- X-Pack APIs
- X-Pack Commands
- How To
- Testing(測試)
- Glossary of terms
- Release Notes
- X-Pack Release Notes