Text · Elasticsearch 5.4 中文文檔

# Text 原文鏈接 : [https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/text.html](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/text.html) 譯文鏈接 :[http://www.apache.wiki/display/Elasticsearch/Text](http://www.apache.wiki/display/Elasticsearch/Text) 貢獻者 : [李亞運](/display/~liyayun)，[ApacheCN](/display/~apachecn)，[Apache中文網](/display/~apachechina) ## 簡述該字段用于索引全文文本，例如電子郵件的正文或產品的描述。?對這些字段進行`analyzed`?，即通過[分析器](https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=zh-CN&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&sp=nmt4&tl=zh-CN&u=https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/analysis.html&usg=ALkJrhirN7jhwydyE_LAqx9sWSrWroJIEw "分析")將其轉換成索引之前的各個術語列表。?分析過程允許Elasticsearch搜索每個全文本字段中的單個單詞。?文本字段不用于排序，很少用于聚合（盡管[重要的術語聚合](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/search-aggregations-bucket-significantterms-aggregation.html)是一個顯著的例外）。如果您需要索引結構化內容（如電子郵件地址，主機名，狀態代碼或標簽），則可能您應該使用[`keyword`](https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=zh-CN&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&sp=nmt4&tl=zh-CN&u=https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/keyword.html&usg=ALkJrhhyUd1xPy5C3s0WRAvmcIZEdkdTog "關鍵字數據類型")字段。?對于代碼或標簽，您也可能應該使用[`keyword`](https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=zh-CN&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&sp=nmt4&tl=zh-CN&u=https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/keyword.html&usg=ALkJrhhyUd1xPy5C3s0WRAvmcIZEdkdTog "關鍵字數據類型")字段。 ## 示例以下是文本字段的映射示例： ``` PUT my_index { "mappings": { "my_type": { "properties": { "full_name": { "type": "text" } } } } } ``` 有時，同時具有全文（?`text`?）和關鍵字（?`keyword`?）版本是有幫助的：一個用于全文本搜索，另一個用于聚合和排序。?這可以通過多字段實現。 ## 參數 `text`字段接受以下參數： | [`analyzer`](https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=zh-CN&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&sp=nmt4&tl=zh-CN&u=https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/analyzer.html&usg=ALkJrhjWYcEqRqAnSdiBQHby7_zK46-Dpw "分析儀") | [分析器](https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=zh-CN&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&sp=nmt4&tl=zh-CN&u=https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/analysis.html&usg=ALkJrhirN7jhwydyE_LAqx9sWSrWroJIEw "分析")應用于[`analyzed`](https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=zh-CN&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&sp=nmt4&tl=zh-CN&u=https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/mapping-index.html&usg=ALkJrhjDd2JjTHxFwTWIVGOI0jtRnFerSQ "指數")字符串字段，無論是在索引時間還是在搜索時間（除非被[`search_analyzer`](https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=zh-CN&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&sp=nmt4&tl=zh-CN&u=https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/search-analyzer.html&usg=ALkJrhjlUDDK1IODYLamOAaDkDghyQMDdg "search_analyzer")?）。?默認為默認索引分析器或[`standard`分析器](https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=zh-CN&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&sp=nmt4&tl=zh-CN&u=https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/analysis-standard-analyzer.html&usg=ALkJrhgnaMsuZ8BjMzcdTPsqtO7AIaLIMw "標準分析儀")。 | | [`boost`](https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=zh-CN&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&sp=nmt4&tl=zh-CN&u=https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/mapping-boost.html&usg=ALkJrhgVxuBoIuXlpit73lN4jkPWykZGvQ "促進") | 映射字段級查詢時間提升。?接受一個浮點數，默認為`1.0`?。 | | [`eager_global_ordinals`](https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=zh-CN&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&sp=nmt4&tl=zh-CN&u=https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/fielddata.html&usg=ALkJrhh444VidGXZXd5bc6TTbow62TkW8A#global-ordinals "全球序數") | 是否應該全新加載全局序號？?`true`或`false`?（默認）。?對于經常用于（重要）術語聚合的字段，啟用此功能是一個好主意。 | | [`fielddata`](https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=zh-CN&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&sp=nmt4&tl=zh-CN&u=https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/fielddata.html&usg=ALkJrhh444VidGXZXd5bc6TTbow62TkW8A "fielddata") | 是否可以使用內存中的字段數據進行排序，聚合或腳本編寫？?`true`或`false`?（默認）。 | | [`fielddata_frequency_filter`](https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=zh-CN&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&sp=nmt4&tl=zh-CN&u=https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/fielddata.html&usg=ALkJrhh444VidGXZXd5bc6TTbow62TkW8A#field-data-filtering "fielddata_frequency_filter") | 此為高級設置，允許在`fielddata`啟用時決定哪些值加載到內存中。?默認情況下，所有值都被加載。 | | [`fields`](https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=zh-CN&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&sp=nmt4&tl=zh-CN&u=https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/multi-fields.html&usg=ALkJrhhcdnrgkkNQb_bKmdXsZM0KxinNCg "領域") | 多字段允許以多種方式將相同的字符串值索引到不同的目的，例如用于搜索的一個字段和用于排序和聚合的多字段，或由不同分析器分析的相同字符串值。 | | [`include_in_all`](https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=zh-CN&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&sp=nmt4&tl=zh-CN&u=https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/include-in-all.html&usg=ALkJrhgG9Eb106moxBiIQnY_RNe0JdNslQ "include_in_all") | 字段值是否應包含在`[_all](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/mapping-all-field.html)`字段中？?接受`true`或`false`?。如果[`index`](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/mapping-index.html)設置為`no`?，或者如果父[`object`](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/object.html)字段將`include_in_all，默認`設置為`false。`?否則默認為`true`?。 | | [`index`](https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=zh-CN&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&sp=nmt4&tl=zh-CN&u=https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/mapping-index.html&usg=ALkJrhjDd2JjTHxFwTWIVGOI0jtRnFerSQ "指數") | 應該可以搜索該字段嗎？?接受`true`?（默認）或`false`?。 | | [`index_options`](https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=zh-CN&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&sp=nmt4&tl=zh-CN&u=https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index-options.html&usg=ALkJrhgQjMZt-jQff64GWpfI4_uUZQXhng "index_options") | 索引中應存儲哪些信息，以便搜索和突出顯示。?默認為`positions`?。 | | [`norms`](https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=zh-CN&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&sp=nmt4&tl=zh-CN&u=https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/norms.html&usg=ALkJrhhQhhAljkCCEu4CRzb_QAKpnB-Ebg "規范") | 在評分查詢時是否應考慮字段長度。?接受`true`?（默認）或`false`?。 | | [`position_increment_gap`](https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=zh-CN&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&sp=nmt4&tl=zh-CN&u=https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/position-increment-gap.html&usg=ALkJrhij_VFqNMYfvb9WpQZRHKG4Bo-WDw "position_increment_gap") | 應該在字符串數組的每個元素之間插入的假項目位置的數量。?默認為在分析器上配置的`position_increment_gap`?，默認為`100`?。?`100`被選中，因為它阻止了匹配術語與字段值之間的合理大小的間隔（小于100）的短語查詢。 | | [`store`](https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=zh-CN&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&sp=nmt4&tl=zh-CN&u=https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/mapping-store.html&usg=ALkJrhjnu1ugPHKcE2l9aGRTyKps04ZZuQ "商店") | 字段值是否應與[`_source`](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/mapping-source-field.html)字段分開存儲和檢索。?接受`true`或`false`?（默認）。 | | [`search_analyzer`](https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=zh-CN&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&sp=nmt4&tl=zh-CN&u=https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/search-analyzer.html&usg=ALkJrhjlUDDK1IODYLamOAaDkDghyQMDdg "search_analyzer") | [`analyzer`](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/analyzer.html)應在搜索時使用在[`analyzed`](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/mapping-index.html)領域。?默認為`analyzer`設置。 | | [`search_quote_analyzer`](https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=zh-CN&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&sp=nmt4&tl=zh-CN&u=https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/analyzer.html&usg=ALkJrhjWYcEqRqAnSdiBQHby7_zK46-Dpw#search-quote-analyzer "search_quote_analyzer") | 在遇到短語時應在搜索時使用的分析器。?默認為`search_analyzer`設置。 | | [`similarity`](https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=zh-CN&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&sp=nmt4&tl=zh-CN&u=https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/similarity.html&usg=ALkJrhjJYQJNZkE-ZD-zKQFnUhYPAjJF6A "相似") | 應該使用哪種評分算法或_相似度_?。?默認為`BM25`?。 | | [`term_vector`](https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=zh-CN&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&sp=nmt4&tl=zh-CN&u=https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/term-vector.html&usg=ALkJrhgSxB9ohl9dspjVWXraJPmeDtVYZg "term_vector") | 是否應為[`analyzed`](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/mapping-index.html)字段存儲術語向量。?默認為`no`?。 | 從2.x導入的索引不支持`text`?。?相反，他們會嘗試將`text`降級為`string`?。?這使您可以將現有映射與舊版映射進行合并。?在升級到6.x之前，必須重新生成長命索引，但映射降級可讓您有機會按照自己的時間表進行安排。