# Synonym Token Filter（Synonym 詞元過濾器） 原文鏈接 : [https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/analysis-synonym-tokenfilter.html](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/analysis-synonym-tokenfilter.html) 譯文鏈接 : [http://www.apache.wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=10028859](http://www.apache.wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=10028859) 貢獻者 : [fucker](/display/~caizhongjie)，[ApacheCN](/display/~apachecn)，[Apache中文網](/display/~apachechina) **`synonym`?（同義詞）**詞元過濾器允許在分析過程中輕松處理同義詞。 同義詞使用配置文件配置。示例如下： ``` PUT /test_index { "settings": { "index" : { "analysis" : { "analyzer" : { "synonym" : { "tokenizer" : "whitespace", "filter" : ["synonym"] } }, "filter" : { "synonym" : { "type" : "synonym", "synonyms_path" : "analysis/synonym.txt" } } } } } } ``` 以上配置一個?**`synonym`?**（同義詞）過濾器，其中包含一個路徑 **analysis/synonym.txt**（相對于?**config **的位置）。 然后使用過濾器配置 **`synonym`??**同義詞分析器。 其他設置有：**ignore_case**（默認為 **false**），和 **`expand`?**（默認為 **true**）。 **tokenizer** 參數控制將用于標記同義詞的分詞器，并且默認為 **`whitespace`**??分詞器。 支持兩種同義詞格式：**Solr，WordNet**。 #### **Solr synonyms** 以下是文件的示例格式： ``` # Blank lines and lines starting with pound are comments. # Explicit mappings match any token sequence on the LHS of "=>" # and replace with all alternatives on the RHS. These types of mappings # ignore the expand parameter in the schema. # Examples: i-pod, i pod => ipod, sea biscuit, sea biscit => seabiscuit # Equivalent synonyms may be separated with commas and give # no explicit mapping. In this case the mapping behavior will # be taken from the expand parameter in the schema. This allows # the same synonym file to be used in different synonym handling strategies. # Examples: ipod, i-pod, i pod foozball , foosball universe , cosmos lol, laughing out loud # If expand==true, "ipod, i-pod, i pod" is equivalent # to the explicit mapping: ipod, i-pod, i pod => ipod, i-pod, i pod # If expand==false, "ipod, i-pod, i pod" is equivalent # to the explicit mapping: ipod, i-pod, i pod => ipod # Multiple synonym mapping entries are merged. foo => foo bar foo => baz # is equivalent to foo => foo bar, baz ``` 您也可以在配置文件中直接給過濾器定義同義詞（請注意使用 **synonyms?**而不是 **synonyms_path?**）： ``` PUT /test_index { "settings": { "index" : { "analysis" : { "filter" : { "synonym" : { "type" : "synonym", "synonyms" : [ "i-pod, i pod => ipod", "universe, cosmos" ] } } } } } } ``` 但是，建議使用 **synonyms_path?**在文件中定義大型同義詞集，因為內聯指定會不必要地增加群集大小。 #### **WordNet synonyms** 基于 WordNet 格式的 同義詞 可以如下使用格式聲明： ``` ?PUT /test_index { "settings": { "index" : { "analysis" : { "filter" : { "synonym" : { "type" : "synonym", "format" : "wordnet", "synonyms" : [ "s(100000001,1,'abstain',v,1,0).", "s(100000001,2,'refrain',v,1,0).", "s(100000001,3,'desist',v,1,0)." ] } } } } } } ``` 同時支持使用 **`synonyms_path`??**在文本中定義?**WordNet synonyms**。