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                # properties (屬性) 原文鏈接 : [https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/5.3/properties.html](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/5.3/properties.html)(修改該鏈接為官網對應的鏈接) 譯文鏈接 : [http://www.apache.wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=10027013](http://www.apache.wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=10027013)(修改該鏈接為 **ApacheCN** 對應的譯文鏈接) 貢獻者 : [郭峰](/display/~guofeng),[ApacheCN](/display/~apachecn),[Apache中文網](/display/~apachechina) ## properties (屬性) type(類型)映射、[object?fields](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/5.3/object.html)(對象字段)和**?[nested?fields](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/5.3/nested.html)**(嵌入字段)包含的?**sub-fields**(子字段),稱之為?**properties**(屬性)。這些?**properties**(屬性)可以為任意?**datatype**(數據類型),包括?**object**(對象)和?**nested**(嵌入數據)。**properties**(屬性)可以通過以下方式加入: * 通過創建索引是明確地定義他們。 * 通過使用**?[PUT mapping](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/5.3/indices-put-mapping.html "Put Mapping")****?API**?添加或更新映射類型時明確地定義他們。 * 索引包含新字段的文檔時動態的加入。 下面舉例演示如何將?**properties**(屬性)加入?**mapping type**(映射類型)、**object?field**(對象字段)和?**nested?field**(嵌入字段)中: ``` curl -XPUT 'localhost:9200/my_index?pretty' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d' { "mappings": { "my_type": { #1 "properties": { "manager": { #2 "properties": { "age": { "type": "integer" }, "name": { "type": "text" } } }, "employees": { #3 "type": "nested", "properties": { "age": { "type": "integer" }, "name": { "type": "text" } } } } } } } ' curl -XPUT 'localhost:9200/my_index/my_type/1?pretty' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'#4 { "region": "US", "manager": { "name": "Alice White", "age": 30 }, "employees": [ { "name": "John Smith", "age": 34 }, { "name": "Peter Brown", "age": 26 } ] } ' ``` | 1 | my_type 映射類型下的 **properties**(屬性) | | 2 | manager 對象字段下的 **properties**(屬性) | | 3 | employee 嵌入字段下的 **properties**(屬性) | | 4 | 對應上述映射的一個示例文檔 | 注意 ? 同一索引下的相同名字的字段可以設置不同的 **properties**(屬性)。新的 **properties**(屬性)可以通過?**[PUT mapping API](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/5.3/indices-put-mapping.html "Put Mapping")** 加入已經存在的字段。 ## ?dot notation (“.”符號) 通過使用“.”符號可以使內嵌字段引入查詢、聚合等功能中: ``` curl -XGET 'localhost:9200/my_index/_search?pretty' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d' { "query": { "match": { "manager.name": "Alice White" #1 } }, "aggs": { "Employees": { "nested": { "path": "employees" }, "aggs": { "Employee Ages": { "histogram": { "field": "employees.age", #2 "interval": 5 } } } } } } ' ``` 重點 內嵌字段必須使用完整的路徑
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