13.3.?romantest.py 介紹 · Dive Into Python

# 13.3.?`romantest.py` 介紹這是將被開發并保存為 `roman.py` 的羅馬數字轉換程序的完整測試組件 (test suite)。很難立刻看出它們是如何協同工作的，似乎所有類或者方法之間都沒有關系。這是有原因的，而且你很快就會明了。 ## 例?13.1.?`romantest.py` 如果您還沒有下載本書附帶的樣例程序, 可以 [下載本程序和其他樣例程序](http://www.woodpecker.org.cn/diveintopython/download/diveintopython-exampleszh-cn-5.4b.zip "Download example scripts")。 ``` """Unit test for roman.py""" import roman import unittest class KnownValues(unittest.TestCase): knownValues = ( (1, 'I'), (2, 'II'), (3, 'III'), (4, 'IV'), (5, 'V'), (6, 'VI'), (7, 'VII'), (8, 'VIII'), (9, 'IX'), (10, 'X'), (50, 'L'), (100, 'C'), (500, 'D'), (1000, 'M'), (31, 'XXXI'), (148, 'CXLVIII'), (294, 'CCXCIV'), (312, 'CCCXII'), (421, 'CDXXI'), (528, 'DXXVIII'), (621, 'DCXXI'), (782, 'DCCLXXXII'), (870, 'DCCCLXX'), (941, 'CMXLI'), (1043, 'MXLIII'), (1110, 'MCX'), (1226, 'MCCXXVI'), (1301, 'MCCCI'), (1485, 'MCDLXXXV'), (1509, 'MDIX'), (1607, 'MDCVII'), (1754, 'MDCCLIV'), (1832, 'MDCCCXXXII'), (1993, 'MCMXCIII'), (2074, 'MMLXXIV'), (2152, 'MMCLII'), (2212, 'MMCCXII'), (2343, 'MMCCCXLIII'), (2499, 'MMCDXCIX'), (2574, 'MMDLXXIV'), (2646, 'MMDCXLVI'), (2723, 'MMDCCXXIII'), (2892, 'MMDCCCXCII'), (2975, 'MMCMLXXV'), (3051, 'MMMLI'), (3185, 'MMMCLXXXV'), (3250, 'MMMCCL'), (3313, 'MMMCCCXIII'), (3408, 'MMMCDVIII'), (3501, 'MMMDI'), (3610, 'MMMDCX'), (3743, 'MMMDCCXLIII'), (3844, 'MMMDCCCXLIV'), (3888, 'MMMDCCCLXXXVIII'), (3940, 'MMMCMXL'), (3999, 'MMMCMXCIX')) def testToRomanKnownValues(self): """toRoman should give known result with known input""" for integer, numeral in self.knownValues: result = roman.toRoman(integer) self.assertEqual(numeral, result) def testFromRomanKnownValues(self): """fromRoman should give known result with known input""" for integer, numeral in self.knownValues: result = roman.fromRoman(numeral) self.assertEqual(integer, result) class ToRomanBadInput(unittest.TestCase): def testTooLarge(self): """toRoman should fail with large input""" self.assertRaises(roman.OutOfRangeError, roman.toRoman, 4000) def testZero(self): """toRoman should fail with 0 input""" self.assertRaises(roman.OutOfRangeError, roman.toRoman, 0) def testNegative(self): """toRoman should fail with negative input""" self.assertRaises(roman.OutOfRangeError, roman.toRoman, -1) def testNonInteger(self): """toRoman should fail with non-integer input""" self.assertRaises(roman.NotIntegerError, roman.toRoman, 0.5) class FromRomanBadInput(unittest.TestCase): def testTooManyRepeatedNumerals(self): """fromRoman should fail with too many repeated numerals""" for s in ('MMMM', 'DD', 'CCCC', 'LL', 'XXXX', 'VV', 'IIII'): self.assertRaises(roman.InvalidRomanNumeralError, roman.fromRoman, s) def testRepeatedPairs(self): """fromRoman should fail with repeated pairs of numerals""" for s in ('CMCM', 'CDCD', 'XCXC', 'XLXL', 'IXIX', 'IVIV'): self.assertRaises(roman.InvalidRomanNumeralError, roman.fromRoman, s) def testMalformedAntecedent(self): """fromRoman should fail with malformed antecedents""" for s in ('IIMXCC', 'VX', 'DCM', 'CMM', 'IXIV', 'MCMC', 'XCX', 'IVI', 'LM', 'LD', 'LC'): self.assertRaises(roman.InvalidRomanNumeralError, roman.fromRoman, s) class SanityCheck(unittest.TestCase): def testSanity(self): """fromRoman(toRoman(n))==n for all n""" for integer in range(1, 4000): numeral = roman.toRoman(integer) result = roman.fromRoman(numeral) self.assertEqual(integer, result) class CaseCheck(unittest.TestCase): def testToRomanCase(self): """toRoman should always return uppercase""" for integer in range(1, 4000): numeral = roman.toRoman(integer) self.assertEqual(numeral, numeral.upper()) def testFromRomanCase(self): """fromRoman should only accept uppercase input""" for integer in range(1, 4000): numeral = roman.toRoman(integer) roman.fromRoman(numeral.upper()) self.assertRaises(roman.InvalidRomanNumeralError, roman.fromRoman, numeral.lower()) if __name__ == "__main__": unittest.main() ``` ## 進一步閱讀 * PyUnit 主頁對于使用 [`unittest` 框架](http://pyunit.sourceforge.net/pyunit.html) 以及本章沒能涵蓋的高級特性有深入的討論。 * PyUnit FAQ 解釋了 [為什么測試用例要和被測試代碼分開存放](http://pyunit.sourceforge.net/pyunit.html#WHERE) 。 * _Python Library Reference_ 總結了 [`unittest`](http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-unittest.html) 模塊。 * ExtremeProgramming.org 討論 [你為什么需要編寫單元測試](http://www.extremeprogramming.org/rules/unittests.html)。 * The Portland Pattern Repository 有一個持續的 [單元測試](http://www.c2.com/cgi/wiki?UnitTests) 討論，包括了一個 [標準的定義](http://www.c2.com/cgi/wiki?StandardDefinitionOfUnitTest)，為什么你需要 [首先開發單元測試代碼](http://www.c2.com/cgi/wiki?CodeUnitTestFirst) 以及另外一些深層次 [案例](http://www.c2.com/cgi/wiki?UnitTestTrial)。