# Testing PHP projects
> 原文:[https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/examples/php.html](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/examples/php.html)
* [Test PHP projects using the Docker executor](#test-php-projects-using-the-docker-executor)
* [Test against different PHP versions in Docker builds](#test-against-different-php-versions-in-docker-builds)
* [Custom PHP configuration in Docker builds](#custom-php-configuration-in-docker-builds)
* [Test PHP projects using the Shell executor](#test-php-projects-using-the-shell-executor)
* [Test against different PHP versions in Shell builds](#test-against-different-php-versions-in-shell-builds)
* [Install custom extensions](#install-custom-extensions)
* [Extend your tests](#extend-your-tests)
* [Using atoum](#using-atoum)
* [Using Composer](#using-composer)
* [Access private packages or dependencies](#access-private-packages-or-dependencies)
* [Use databases or other services](#use-databases-or-other-services)
* [Testing things locally](#testing-things-locally)
* [Example project](#example-project)
# Testing PHP projects[](#testing-php-projects "Permalink")
本指南涵蓋了 PHP 項目的基本構建說明.
涵蓋了兩種測試方案:使用 Docker 執行程序和使用 Shell 執行程序.
## Test PHP projects using the Docker executor[](#test-php-projects-using-the-docker-executor "Permalink")
盡管可以在任何系統上測試 PHP 應用程序,但這都需要開發人員進行手動配置. 為了克服這個問題,我們將使用可在 Docker Hub 中找到的官方[PHP Docker 映像](https://hub.docker.com/_/php) .
這將使我們能夠針對不同版本的 PHP 測試 PHP 項目. 但是,并非所有事情都是即插即用的,您仍然需要手動配置一些東西.
與每項工作一樣,您需要創建一個描述構建環境的有效`.gitlab-ci.yml` .
首先,讓我們指定將用于作業過程的 PHP 映像(您可以在 Runner 的術語中閱讀有關[使用 Docker 映像的](../docker/using_docker_images.html#what-is-an-image)更多信息,以了解映像的含義).
首先將圖像添加到您的`.gitlab-ci.yml` :
```
image: php:5.6
```
官方圖片很棒,但是缺少一些有用的測試工具. 我們需要首先準備構建環境. 解決此問題的一種方法是創建一個腳本,該腳本在完成實際測試之前會安裝所有必備組件.
Let’s create a `ci/docker_install.sh` file in the root directory of our repository with the following content:
```
#!/bin/bash
# We need to install dependencies only for Docker
[[ ! -e /.dockerenv ]] && exit 0
set -xe
# Install git (the php image doesn't have it) which is required by composer
apt-get update -yqq
apt-get install git -yqq
# Install phpunit, the tool that we will use for testing
curl --location --output /usr/local/bin/phpunit https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit.phar
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/phpunit
# Install mysql driver
# Here you can install any other extension that you need
docker-php-ext-install pdo_mysql
```
您可能想知道`docker-php-ext-install`是什么. 簡而言之,它是官方 PHP Docker 映像提供的腳本,可用于輕松安裝擴展. 有關更多信息,請參閱[https://hub.docker.com/_/php 上](https://hub.docker.com/_/php)的文檔.
現在,我們創建了包含構建環境的所有先決條件的腳本,讓我們將其添加到`.gitlab-ci.yml` :
```
...
before_script:
- bash ci/docker_install.sh > /dev/null
...
```
最后一步,使用`phpunit`運行實際測試:
```
...
test:app:
script:
- phpunit --configuration phpunit_myapp.xml
...
```
最后,提交文件并將其推送到 GitLab,以查看構建成功(或失敗).
最終的`.gitlab-ci.yml`應該類似于以下內容:
```
# Select image from https://hub.docker.com/_/php
image: php:5.6
before_script:
# Install dependencies
- bash ci/docker_install.sh > /dev/null
test:app:
script:
- phpunit --configuration phpunit_myapp.xml
```
### Test against different PHP versions in Docker builds[](#test-against-different-php-versions-in-docker-builds "Permalink")
針對多個版本的 PHP 進行測試非常容易. 只需添加另一個具有不同 Docker 映像版本的作業,即可由跑步者完成其余工作:
```
before_script:
# Install dependencies
- bash ci/docker_install.sh > /dev/null
# We test PHP5.6
test:5.6:
image: php:5.6
script:
- phpunit --configuration phpunit_myapp.xml
# We test PHP7.0 (good luck with that)
test:7.0:
image: php:7.0
script:
- phpunit --configuration phpunit_myapp.xml
```
### Custom PHP configuration in Docker builds[](#custom-php-configuration-in-docker-builds "Permalink")
有時,您需要通過將`.ini`文件放入`/usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/`來自定義 PHP 環境. 為此,添加一個`before_script`動作:
```
before_script:
- cp my_php.ini /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/test.ini
```
當然, `my_php.ini`必須存在于存儲庫的根目錄中.
## Test PHP projects using the Shell executor[](#test-php-projects-using-the-shell-executor "Permalink")
Shell 執行程序在服務器上的終端會話中運行您的作業. 因此,為了測試您的項目,您首先需要確保已安裝所有依賴項.
例如,在運行 Debian 8 的 VM 中,我們首先更新緩存,然后安裝`phpunit`和`php5-mysql` :
```
sudo apt-get update -y
sudo apt-get install -y phpunit php5-mysql
```
接下來,將以下代碼段添加到`.gitlab-ci.yml` :
```
test:app:
script:
- phpunit --configuration phpunit_myapp.xml
```
最后,推送到 GitLab 并開始測試!
### Test against different PHP versions in Shell builds[](#test-against-different-php-versions-in-shell-builds "Permalink")
[phpenv](https://github.com/phpenv/phpenv)項目使您可以輕松管理不同版本的 PHP,每個版本都有自己的配置. 當使用 Shell 執行程序測試 PHP 項目時,這特別有用.
您必須按照[上游安裝指南](https://github.com/phpenv/phpenv#installation)在`gitlab-runner`用戶下將其安裝在構建計算機[上](https://github.com/phpenv/phpenv#installation) .
使用 phpenv 還可以通過以下方式輕松配置 PHP 環境:
```
phpenv config-add my_config.ini
```
***重要說明:**似乎`phpenv/phpenv` [被放棄了](https://github.com/phpenv/phpenv/issues/57) . [madumlao / phpenv](https://github.com/madumlao/phpenv)上有一個分叉,試圖使該項目[復活](https://github.com/madumlao/phpenv) . [CHH / phpenv](https://github.com/CHH/phpenv)似乎也是一個不錯的選擇. 選擇任何提到的工具將與基本 phpenv 命令一起使用. 指導您選擇正確的 phpenv 不在本教程的范圍內.*
### Install custom extensions[](#install-custom-extensions "Permalink")
由于這是 PHP 環境的裸機安裝,因此您可能需要一些構建機器上當前不存在的擴展.
要安裝其他擴展,只需執行以下命令:
```
pecl install <extension>
```
不建議將其添加到`.gitlab-ci.yml` . 您應該只執行一次此命令,僅用于設置構建環境.
## Extend your tests[](#extend-your-tests "Permalink")
### Using atoum[](#using-atoum "Permalink")
除了 PHPUnit,您可以使用任何其他工具來運行單元測試. 例如,您可以使用[atoum](https://github.com/atoum/atoum) :
```
before_script:
- wget http://downloads.atoum.org/nightly/mageekguy.atoum.phar
test:atoum:
script:
- php mageekguy.atoum.phar
```
### Using Composer[](#using-composer "Permalink")
大多數 PHP 項目使用 Composer 來管理其 PHP 軟件包. 為了在運行測試之前執行 Composer,只需在`.gitlab-ci.yml`添加以下`.gitlab-ci.yml` :
```
...
# Composer stores all downloaded packages in the vendor/ directory.
# Do not use the following if the vendor/ directory is committed to
# your git repository.
cache:
paths:
- vendor/
before_script:
# Install composer dependencies
- wget https://composer.github.io/installer.sig -O - -q | tr -d '\n' > installer.sig
- php -r "copy('https://getcomposer.org/installer', 'composer-setup.php');"
- php -r "if (hash_file('SHA384', 'composer-setup.php') === file_get_contents('installer.sig')) { echo 'Installer verified'; } else { echo 'Installer corrupt'; unlink('composer-setup.php'); } echo PHP_EOL;"
- php composer-setup.php
- php -r "unlink('composer-setup.php'); unlink('installer.sig');"
- php composer.phar install
...
```
## Access private packages or dependencies[](#access-private-packages-or-dependencies "Permalink")
如果您的測試套件需要訪問私有存儲庫,則需要配置[SSH 密鑰](../ssh_keys/README.html)才能克隆它.
## Use databases or other services[](#use-databases-or-other-services "Permalink")
大多數時候,您將需要一個正在運行的數據庫才能運行測試. 如果您使用的是 Docker 執行器,則可以利用 Docker 鏈接到其他容器的功能. 使用 GitLab Runner,可以通過定義`service`來實現.
[CI 服務](../services/README.html)文檔中涵蓋了此功能.
## Testing things locally[](#testing-things-locally "Permalink")
使用 GitLab Runner 1.0,您還可以在本地測試所有更改. 從您的終端執行:
```
# Check using docker executor
gitlab-runner exec docker test:app
# Check using shell executor
gitlab-runner exec shell test:app
```
## Example project[](#example-project "Permalink")
為了方便起見,我們建立了一個[示例 PHP 項目](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-examples/php) ,該[項目](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-examples/php)使用我們的公共[共享](../runners/README.html)運行器在[GitLab.com](https://gitlab.com)上運行.
想要破解嗎? 只需對其進行分叉,提交并推送您的更改. 稍后,公共跑步者將選擇更改并開始工作.
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