# Disaster Recovery (Geo)
> 原文:[https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/geo/disaster_recovery/](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/geo/disaster_recovery/)
* [Promoting a **secondary** Geo node in single-secondary configurations](#promoting-a-secondary-geo-node-in-single-secondary-configurations)
* [Step 1\. Allow replication to finish if possible](#step-1-allow-replication-to-finish-if-possible)
* [Step 2\. Permanently disable the **primary** node](#step-2-permanently-disable-the-primary-node)
* [Step 3\. Promoting a **secondary** node](#step-3-promoting-a-secondary-node)
* [Promoting a **secondary** node running on a single machine](#promoting-a-secondary-node-running-on-a-single-machine)
* [Promoting a **secondary** node with multiple servers](#promoting-a-secondary-node-with-multiple-servers)
* [Promoting a **secondary** node with an external PostgreSQL database](#promoting-a-secondary-node-with-an-external-postgresql-database)
* [Step 4\. (Optional) Updating the primary domain DNS record](#step-4-optional-updating-the-primary-domain-dns-record)
* [Step 5\. (Optional) Add **secondary** Geo node to a promoted **primary** node](#step-5-optional-add-secondary-geo-node-to-a-promoted-primary-node)
* [Step 6\. (Optional) Removing the secondary’s tracking database](#step-6-optional-removing-the-secondarys-tracking-database)
* [Promoting secondary Geo replica in multi-secondary configurations](#promoting-secondary-geo-replica-in-multi-secondary-configurations)
* [Step 1\. Prepare the new **primary** node to serve one or more **secondary** nodes](#step-1-prepare-the-new-primary-node-to-serve-one-or-more-secondary-nodes)
* [Step 2\. Initiate the replication process](#step-2-initiate-the-replication-process)
* [Troubleshooting](#troubleshooting)
* [I followed the disaster recovery instructions and now two-factor auth is broken](#i-followed-the-disaster-recovery-instructions-and-now-two-factor-auth-is-broken)
# Disaster Recovery (Geo)[](#disaster-recovery-geo-premium-only "Permalink")
Geo 復制您的數據庫,Git 存儲庫和其他少量資產. 將來,我們將支持和復制更多數據,使您能夠在災難情況下以最少的精力進行故障轉移.
有關更多信息,請參見地[電流限制](../replication/index.html#current-limitations) .
**警告:**多輔助配置的災難恢復在**Alpha 中** . 有關最新更新,請查看多級[災難恢復史詩](https://gitlab.com/groups/gitlab-org/-/epics/65) .
## Promoting a **secondary** Geo node in single-secondary configurations[](#promoting-a-secondary-geo-node-in-single-secondary-configurations "Permalink")
目前,我們不提供自動方式來升級 Geo 副本并進行故障轉移,但是如果您具有對該計算機的`root`訪問權,則可以手動進行.
此過程將**輔助**地理節點升級為**主要**節點. 為了盡快恢復地理冗余,應在遵循這些說明后立即添加新的**輔助**節點.
### Step 1\. Allow replication to finish if possible[](#step-1-allow-replication-to-finish-if-possible "Permalink")
如果**輔助**節點仍在從**主**節點復制數據,請盡可能嚴格遵循[計劃的故障轉移文檔](planned_failover.html) ,以避免不必要的數據丟失.
### Step 2\. Permanently disable the **primary** node[](#step-2-permanently-disable-the-primary-node "Permalink")
**警告:**如果**主**節點脫機,則可能是**主**節點上保存的數據尚未復制到**輔助**節點. 如果繼續,此數據應視為丟失.
如果**主**節點發生故障,則應盡一切可能避免發生裂腦情況,即在兩個不同的 GitLab 實例中可能發生寫操作,從而使恢復工作復雜化. 因此,為故障轉移做準備,我們必須禁用**主**節點.
1. SSH 進入**主**節點以停止并禁用 GitLab,如果可能的話:
```
sudo gitlab-ctl stop
```
如果服務器意外重啟,請阻止 GitLab 重新啟動:
```
sudo systemctl disable gitlab-runsvdir
```
**注意:(** **僅 CentOS** )在 CentOS 6 或更舊的版本中,如果沒有可用的機器重啟,沒有簡單的方法可以阻止啟動[GitLab](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/-/issues/3058) (請參閱[Omnibus GitLab 問題#3058](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/-/issues/3058) ). 完全卸載 GitLab 軟件包可能是最安全的:
```
yum remove gitlab-ee
```
**注意:** ( **Ubuntu 14.04 LTS** )如果您使用的是較舊版本的 Ubuntu 或基于 Upstart init 系統的任何其他發行版,則可以通過以下操作來阻止 GitLab 在計算機重啟時啟動:
```
initctl stop gitlab-runsvvdir
echo 'manual' > /etc/init/gitlab-runsvdir.override
initctl reload-configuration
```
2. 如果您沒有對**主**節點的 SSH 訪問權限,請使計算機脫機并通過任何方式阻止其重啟. 由于您可能有很多方法可以完成此操作,因此我們將避免使用單個建議. 您可能需要:
* 重新配置負載均衡器.
* 更改 DNS 記錄(例如,將主要 DNS 記錄指向**輔助**節點,以停止使用**主要**節點).
* 停止虛擬服務器.
* 阻止通過防火墻的流量.
* 從**主**節點撤消對象存儲權限.
* 物理斷開機器連接.
3. 如果您打算[更新主域 DNS 記錄](#step-4-optional-updating-the-primary-domain-dns-record) ,則可能希望立即降低 TTL,以加快傳播速度.
### Step 3\. Promoting a **secondary** node[](#step-3-promoting-a-secondary-node "Permalink")
升級輔助服務器時,請注意以下事項:
* A new **secondary** should not be added at this time. If you want to add a new **secondary**, do this after you have completed the entire process of promoting the **secondary** to the **primary**.
* 如果遇到`ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid: Validation failed: Name has already been taken`在此過程中, `ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid: Validation failed: Name has already been taken`錯誤,請閱讀[故障排除建議](../replication/troubleshooting.html#fixing-errors-during-a-failover-or-when-promoting-a-secondary-to-a-primary-node) .
#### Promoting a **secondary** node running on a single machine[](#promoting-a-secondary-node-running-on-a-single-machine "Permalink")
1. SSH 登錄到**輔助**節點并以 root 用戶身份登錄:
```
sudo -i
```
2. 編輯`/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`以通過刪除啟用`geo_secondary_role`所有行來反映其新的**主要**狀態:
```
## In pre-11.5 documentation, the role was enabled as follows. Remove this line.
geo_secondary_role['enable'] = true
## In 11.5+ documentation, the role was enabled as follows. Remove this line.
roles ['geo_secondary_role']
```
3. 將**輔助**節點升級為**主要**節點.
在將輔助節點升級為主節點之前,應運行飛行前檢查. 它們可以單獨運行,也可以與升級腳本一起運行.
要將輔助節點與預檢檢查一起提升為主節點:
```
gitlab-ctl promote-to-primary-node
```
**警告:**跳過飛行前檢查將把輔助設備升級為主要設備,而無需進一步確認!
如果您已經運行了[預檢檢查,](planned_failover.html#preflight-checks)或者不想運行它們,則可以使用以下方法跳過預檢檢查:
```
gitlab-ctl promote-to-primary-node --skip-preflight-check
```
您還可以單獨運行飛行前檢查:
```
gitlab-ctl promotion-preflight-checks
```
4. 驗證您可以使用先前用于**輔助**節點的 URL 連接到新提升的**主**節點.
5. 如果成功,則**輔助**節點現在已提升為**主要**節點.
#### Promoting a **secondary** node with multiple servers[](#promoting-a-secondary-node-with-multiple-servers "Permalink")
`gitlab-ctl promote-to-primary-node`命令尚不能與多臺服務器一起使用,因為它只能在僅一臺機器的**輔助** `gitlab-ctl promote-to-primary-node`上執行更改. 相反,您必須手動執行此操作.
1. SSH 進入**輔助**數據庫中的數據庫節點,并觸發 PostgreSQL 升級為可讀寫:
```
sudo gitlab-pg-ctl promote
```
在 GitLab 12.8 及更早版本中,請參閱[消息: `sudo: gitlab-pg-ctl: command not found`](../replication/troubleshooting.html#message-sudo-gitlab-pg-ctl-command-not-found) .
2. 在**輔助**計算機上的每臺計算機上編輯`/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` ,以通過刪除啟用`geo_secondary_role`所有行來將其新狀態反映為**主要** `geo_secondary_role` :
```
## In pre-11.5 documentation, the role was enabled as follows. Remove this line.
geo_secondary_role['enable'] = true
## In 11.5+ documentation, the role was enabled as follows. Remove this line.
roles ['geo_secondary_role']
```
進行這些更改后,請在每臺機器上[重新配置 GitLab,](../../restart_gitlab.html#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure)以使更改生效.
3. 將**中學**提升到**小學** . SSH 進入單個應用程序服務器并執行:
```
sudo gitlab-rake geo:set_secondary_as_primary
```
4. 驗證您可以使用先前用于**輔助服務器**的 URL 連接到新升級的**主**服務器.
5. 成功! **中學**已升格為**小學** .
#### Promoting a **secondary** node with an external PostgreSQL database[](#promoting-a-secondary-node-with-an-external-postgresql-database "Permalink")
`gitlab-ctl promote-to-primary-node`命令不能與外部 PostgreSQL 數據庫一起使用,因為它只能在使用 GitLab 的**輔助**節點和數據庫在同一臺機器上執行更改. 結果,需要手動處理:
1. 升級與**輔助**站點關聯的副本數據庫. 這會將數據庫設置為可讀寫:
* Amazon RDS- [將只讀副本提升為獨立數據庫實例](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_ReadRepl.html#USER_ReadRepl.Promote)
* PostgreSQL 的 Azure 數據庫- [停止復制](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/howto-read-replicas-portal#stop-replication)
* 其他外部 PostgreSQL 數據庫-將以下腳本保存在輔助節點中,例如`/tmp/geo_promote.sh` ,然后修改連接參數以匹配您的環境. 然后,執行它以提升副本:
```
#!/bin/bash PG_SUPERUSER = postgres # The path to your pg_ctl binary. You may need to adjust this path to match # your PostgreSQL installation PG_CTL_BINARY = /usr/lib/postgresql/10/bin/pg_ctl # The path to your PostgreSQL data directory. You may need to adjust this # path to match your PostgreSQL installation. You can also run # `SHOW data_directory;` from PostgreSQL to find your data directory PG_DATA_DIRECTORY = /etc/postgresql/10/main # Promote the PostgreSQL database and allow read/write operations sudo -u $PG_SUPERUSER $PG_CTL_BINARY -D $PG_DATA_DIRECTORY promote
```
2. 在**輔助**站點中的每個節點上編輯`/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` ,以通過刪除啟用`geo_secondary_role`所有行來將其新狀態反映**為主** `geo_secondary_role` :
```
## In GitLab 11.4 and earlier, remove this line.
geo_secondary_role['enable'] = true
## In GitLab 11.5 and later, remove this line.
roles ['geo_secondary_role']
```
進行這些更改后,請在每個節點上[重新配置 GitLab](../../restart_gitlab.html#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure) ,以使更改生效.
3. 將**中學**提升到**小學** . SSH 進入單個輔助應用程序節點并執行:
```
sudo gitlab-rake geo:set_secondary_as_primary
```
4. 驗證您可以使用先前用于**輔助**站點的 URL 連接到新升級的**主**站點.
成功! **輔助**站點現在已提升為**主要**站點.
### Step 4\. (Optional) Updating the primary domain DNS record[](#step-4-optional-updating-the-primary-domain-dns-record "Permalink")
將主域的 DNS 記錄更新為指向**輔助**節點將避免需要將對主域的所有引用更新為輔助域,例如更改 Git 遠程服務器和 API URL.
1. SSH 進入**輔助**節點并以 root 用戶身份登錄:
```
sudo -i
```
2. 更新主域的 DNS 記錄. 更新主域名的 DNS 記錄指向**輔助**節點后,編輯`/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` **輔助**節點上,以反映新的網址:
```
# Change the existing external_url configuration
external_url 'https://<new_external_url>'
```
**Note:** Changing `external_url` won’t prevent access via the old secondary URL, as long as the secondary DNS records are still intact.
3. 重新配置**輔助**節點以使更改生效:
```
gitlab-ctl reconfigure
```
4. 執行以下命令以更新新提升的**主**節點 URL:
```
gitlab-rake geo:update_primary_node_url
```
此命令將使用`/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`定義的更改的`external_url`配置.
5. 僅對于 GitLab 11.11 到 12.7,您可能需要更新數據庫中的**主**節點名稱. 此錯誤已在 GitLab 12.8 中修復.
要確定是否需要執行此操作,請在`/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`文件中搜索`gitlab_rails["geo_node_name"]`設置. 如果用`#`注釋掉或根本找不到它,則您將需要更新數據庫中**主**節點的名稱. 您可以像這樣搜索它:
```
grep "geo_node_name" /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
```
要更新數據庫中**主**節點的名稱:
```
gitlab-rails runner 'Gitlab::Geo.primary_node.update!(name: GeoNode.current_node_name)'
```
6. 驗證您可以使用其 URL 連接到新升級的**主數據庫** . 如果您更新了主域的 DNS 記錄,則這些更改可能尚未傳播,具體取決于以前的 DNS 記錄 TTL.
### Step 5\. (Optional) Add **secondary** Geo node to a promoted **primary** node[](#step-5-optional-add-secondary-geo-node-to-a-promoted-primary-node "Permalink")
使用上述過程將**輔助**節點提升為**主要**節點不會在新的**主要**節點上啟用 Geo.
要使新的**輔助**節點在線,請按照[Geo 設置說明進行操作](../replication/index.html#setup-instructions) .
### Step 6\. (Optional) Removing the secondary’s tracking database[](#step-6-optional-removing-the-secondarys-tracking-database "Permalink")
每個**次級**有一個用于保存從**初級**的所有項目的同步狀態的特殊的跟蹤數據庫. 由于**輔助服務器**已經升級,因此不再需要跟蹤數據庫中的數據.
可以使用以下命令刪除數據:
```
sudo rm -rf /var/opt/gitlab/geo-postgresql
```
如果您在`gitlab.rb`文件中啟用了任何`geo_secondary[]`配置選項,則可以安全地注釋掉這些選項或將其刪除,然后[重新配置 GitLab](../../restart_gitlab.html#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure)以使更改生效.
## Promoting secondary Geo replica in multi-secondary configurations[](#promoting-secondary-geo-replica-in-multi-secondary-configurations "Permalink")
如果您有多個**輔助**節點,并且需要升級其中一個,建議您按照[單輔助配置中的"](#promoting-a-secondary-geo-node-in-single-secondary-configurations)升級[**輔助** Geo"節點進行操作](#promoting-a-secondary-geo-node-in-single-secondary-configurations) ,之后還需要執行兩個額外步驟.
### Step 1\. Prepare the new **primary** node to serve one or more **secondary** nodes[](#step-1-prepare-the-new-primary-node-to-serve-one-or-more-secondary-nodes "Permalink")
1. SSH 進入新的**主**節點并以 root 用戶身份登錄:
```
sudo -i
```
2. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`
```
## Enable a Geo Primary role (if you haven't yet)
roles ['geo_primary_role']
##
# Allow PostgreSQL client authentication from the primary and secondary IPs. These IPs may be
# public or VPC addresses in CIDR format, for example ['198.51.100.1/32', '198.51.100.2/32']
##
postgresql['md5_auth_cidr_addresses'] = ['<primary_node_ip>/32', '<secondary_node_ip>/32']
# Every secondary server needs to have its own slot so specify the number of secondary nodes you're going to have
postgresql['max_replication_slots'] = 1
##
## Disable automatic database migrations temporarily
## (until PostgreSQL is restarted and listening on the private address).
##
gitlab_rails['auto_migrate'] = false
```
(有關這些設置的更多詳細信息,您可以閱讀[配置主服務器](../replication/database.html#step-1-configure-the-primary-server) )
3. 保存文件并重新配置 GitLab,以進行數據庫偵聽更改和要應用的復制插槽更改.
```
gitlab-ctl reconfigure
```
重新啟動 PostgreSQL 以使其更改生效:
```
gitlab-ctl restart postgresql
```
4. 現在,重新啟動 PostgreSQL 并重新偵聽私有地址,即可重新啟用遷移.
編輯`/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`并將配置**更改**為`true` :
```
gitlab_rails['auto_migrate'] = true
```
保存文件并重新配置 GitLab:
```
gitlab-ctl reconfigure
```
### Step 2\. Initiate the replication process[](#step-2-initiate-the-replication-process "Permalink")
現在,我們需要使每個**輔助**節點偵聽新的**主要**節點上的更改. 為此,您需要再次[啟動復制過程](../replication/database.html#step-3-initiate-the-replication-process) ,但這一次是針對另一個**主**節點. 所有舊的復制設置將被覆蓋.
## Troubleshooting[](#troubleshooting "Permalink")
### I followed the disaster recovery instructions and now two-factor auth is broken[](#i-followed-the-disaster-recovery-instructions-and-now-two-factor-auth-is-broken "Permalink")
10.5 之前的 Geo 的安裝說明無法復制`otp_key_base`機密,該機密用于加密存儲在數據庫中的兩因素身份驗證機密. 如果**主**節點和**輔助**節點之間的設置不同,啟用了雙重身份驗證的用戶將無法在故障轉移后登錄.
如果您仍然可以訪問舊的**主**節點,則可以按照" [升級到 GitLab 10.5"](../replication/version_specific_updates.html#updating-to-gitlab-105)部分中的說明解決錯誤. 否則,密碼將丟失,您需要[為所有用戶重置兩步驗證](../../../security/two_factor_authentication.html#disabling-2fa-for-everyone) .
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