# Optimizing GitLab for large repositories
> 原文:[https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/large_repositories/](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/large_repositories/)
* [Shallow cloning](#shallow-cloning)
* [Git strategy](#git-strategy)
* [Git clone path](#git-clone-path)
* [Git clean flags](#git-clean-flags)
* [Git fetch extra flags](#git-fetch-extra-flags)
* [Fork-based workflow](#fork-based-workflow)
* [`shell` executor example](#shell-executor-example)
* [`docker` executor example](#docker-executor-example)
* [Our `.gitlab-ci.yml`](#our-gitlab-ciyml)
* [Store custom clone options in `config.toml`](#store-custom-clone-options-in-configtoml)
# Optimizing GitLab for large repositories[](#optimizing-gitlab-for-large-repositories "Permalink")
通常,由于克隆和簽出所需的時間,在工作樹中包含超過 5 萬個文件的大型存儲庫通常需要特別考慮.
GitLab 和 GitLab Runner 可以很好地處理這種情況,但是需要優化的配置才能有效地執行其操作.
處理大型存儲庫的一般準則很簡單. 以下各節將更詳細地描述每個準則:
* 始終以增量方式獲取. 請勿以導致重新創建所有工作樹的方式進行克隆.
* 始終使用淺克隆來減少數據傳輸. 請注意,由于 CPU 影響更大,這給 GitLab 實例帶來了更多負擔.
* 如果您大量使用基于 fork 的工作流,請控制克隆目錄.
* 優化`git clean`標志,以確保刪除或保留可能影響或加快構建速度的數據.
## Shallow cloning[](#shallow-cloning "Permalink")
在 GitLab Runner 8.9 中引入.
默認情況下,GitLab 和 GitLab Runner 始終執行完整克隆. 雖然這意味著已收到來自 GitLab 的所有更改,但通常會導致接收額外的提交日志.
理想情況下,您應始終使用`GIT_DEPTH` ,該數字應較小,例如 10.這將指示 GitLab Runner 執行淺表克隆. 淺克隆使 Git 僅請求給定分支的最新一組更改,最多達到`GIT_DEPTH`變量定義的所需提交`GIT_DEPTH` .
這極大地加快了從 Git 存儲庫獲取更改的速度,特別是如果存儲庫積壓的事務由很多個大文件組成的積壓很長時,因為我們有效地減少了數據傳輸量.
以下示例使 GitLab Runner 淺表克隆僅獲取給定的分支; 它不會獲取任何其他分支或標簽.
```
variables:
GIT_DEPTH: 10
test:
script:
- ls -al
```
## Git strategy[](#git-strategy "Permalink")
在 GitLab Runner 8.9 中引入.
默認情況下,GitLab 配置為始終首選`GIT_STRATEGY: fetch`策略. 如果在磁盤上找到`GIT_STRATEGY: fetch`策略,則會重新使用現有的工作樹. 這與`GIT_STRATEGY: clone`策略不同, `GIT_STRATEGY: clone`一樣,如果找到了工作樹,則會在克隆之前將其刪除.
首選使用`fetch` ,因為它會減少要傳輸的數據量,并且不會真正影響您可能會從 CI 對存儲庫執行的操作.
但是, `fetch`確實需要訪問以前的工作樹. 使用時,這種運作良好, `shell`或`docker`執行,因為這些努力保持 worktrees,默認情況下盡量重復使用它們.
目前不適用于`kubernetes`執行器,并且在使用`kubernetes` `docker+machine`時有限制. `kubernetes`執行器總是克隆到臨時目錄中.
GitLab 還提供了`GIT_STRATEGY: none`策略. 這會禁用任何由 GitLab 完成的`fetch`和`checkout`命令,要求您執行這些操作.
## Git clone path[](#git-clone-path "Permalink")
在 GitLab Runner 11.10 中引入.
[`GIT_CLONE_PATH`](../yaml/README.html#custom-build-directories)允許您控制在何處克隆源. 如果您在 fork 工作流中大量使用大型存儲庫,則可能會產生影響.
從 GitLab Runner 的角度來看,前叉工作流存儲為具有單獨工作樹的單獨存儲庫. 這意味著 GitLab Runner 無法優化工作樹的使用,您可能必須指示 GitLab Runner 使用它.
在這種情況下,理想情況下,您希望使 GitLab Runner 執行程序僅用于給定項目,而不是在不同項目之間共享,以使此過程更高效.
[`GIT_CLONE_PATH`](../yaml/README.html#custom-build-directories)必須在`$CI_BUILDS_DIR` . 當前,不可能從磁盤選擇任何路徑.
## Git clean flags[](#git-clean-flags "Permalink")
在 GitLab Runner 11.10 中引入.
[`GIT_CLEAN_FLAGS`](../yaml/README.html#git-clean-flags)允許您控制是否要求對每個 CI 作業執行`git clean`命令. 默認情況下,GitLab 確保您的工作樹在給定的 SHA 上,并且您的存儲庫是干凈的.
設置為`none`時,將禁用[`GIT_CLEAN_FLAGS`](../yaml/README.html#git-clean-flags) . 在非常大的存儲庫上,這可能是理想的,因為`git clean`是磁盤 I / O 密集型的. 使用`GIT_CLEAN_FLAGS: -ffdx -e .build/`控制`GIT_CLEAN_FLAGS: -ffdx -e .build/` (例如)使您可以控制和禁用后續運行之間工作樹中某些目錄的刪除,這可以加快增量生成的速度. 如果您重復使用現有計算機并擁有可用于構建的現有工作樹,則效果最大.
有關[`GIT_CLEAN_FLAGS`](../yaml/README.html#git-clean-flags)接受的確切參數,請參見[`git clean`](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-clean)的文檔. 可用參數取決于 Git 版本.
## Git fetch extra flags[](#git-fetch-extra-flags "Permalink")
在 GitLab Runner 13.1 中[引入](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-runner/-/issues/4142) .
[`GIT_FETCH_EXTRA_FLAGS`](../yaml/README.html#git-fetch-extra-flags) allows you to modify `git fetch` behavior by passing extra flags.
有關更多信息,請參見[`GIT_FETCH_EXTRA_FLAGS`文檔](../yaml/README.html#git-fetch-extra-flags) .
## Fork-based workflow[](#fork-based-workflow "Permalink")
在 GitLab Runner 11.10 中引入.
遵循以上準則,讓我們假設我們想要:
* 針對大型項目進行優化(目錄中有超過 5 萬個文件).
* 使用基于分叉的工作流進行貢獻.
* 重用現有的工作樹. 預先配置了存儲庫的預配置運行器.
* 賽跑者僅分配給項目和所有分叉.
讓我們考慮以下兩個示例,一個使用`shell` executor,另一個使用`docker` executor.
### `shell` executor example[](#shell-executor-example "Permalink")
假設您具有以下[`config.toml`](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/configuration/advanced-configuration.html) .
```
concurrent = 4
[[runners]]
url = "GITLAB_URL"
token = "TOKEN"
executor = "shell"
builds_dir = "/builds"
cache_dir = "/cache"
[runners.custom_build_dir]
enabled = true
```
This `config.toml`:
* 使用`shell`執行器,
* 指定一個自定義`/builds`目錄,其中將存儲所有克隆.
* 啟用指定`GIT_CLONE_PATH` ,
* 一次最多運行 4 個作業.
### `docker` executor example[](#docker-executor-example "Permalink")
假設您具有以下[`config.toml`](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/configuration/advanced-configuration.html) .
```
concurrent = 4
[[runners]]
url = "GITLAB_URL"
token = "TOKEN"
executor = "docker"
builds_dir = "/builds"
cache_dir = "/cache"
[runners.docker]
volumes = ["/builds:/builds", "/cache:/cache"]
```
This `config.toml`:
* 使用`docker` executor,
* 在磁盤上指定將存儲所有克隆的自定義`/builds`目錄. 我們在主機上掛載`/builds`目錄,以使其在后續運行之間可重復使用,并允許其覆蓋克隆策略.
* 默認情況下已啟用,因此未啟用指定`GIT_CLONE_PATH`功能.
* 一次最多運行 4 個作業.
### Our `.gitlab-ci.yml`[](#our-gitlab-ciyml "Permalink")
一旦配置了執行程序,就需要微調`.gitlab-ci.yml` .
Our pipeline will be most performant if we use the following `.gitlab-ci.yml`:
```
variables:
GIT_DEPTH: 10
GIT_CLONE_PATH: $CI_BUILDS_DIR/$CI_CONCURRENT_ID/$CI_PROJECT_NAME
build:
script: ls -al
```
上面配置了:
* 淺克隆 10,以加快后續`git fetch`命令的速度.
* 自定義克隆路徑,使我們可以在父項目和所有分支之間重用工作樹,因為我們對所有分支使用相同的克隆路徑.
為什么要使用`$CI_CONCURRENT_ID` ? 主要原因是要確保使用的工作樹在項目之間不沖突. `$CI_CONCURRENT_ID`表示給定執行器中的唯一標識符,因此只要我們使用它來構造路徑,就可以確保該目錄不會與其他正在運行的并發作業沖突.
### Store custom clone options in `config.toml`[](#store-custom-clone-options-in-configtoml "Permalink")
理想情況下,所有與作業相關的配置都應存儲在`.gitlab-ci.yml` . 但是,有時希望使這些方案成為 Runner 配置的一部分.
在以上 Forks 的示例中,使此配置對于用戶可發現可能是首選,但這會帶來管理開銷,因為需要為每個分支更新`.gitlab-ci.yml` . 在這種情況下,可能希望保持`.gitlab-ci.yml`克隆路徑不可知,但是將其配置為 Runner.
我們可以使用以下規范擴展[`config.toml`](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/configuration/advanced-configuration.html) ,如果`.gitlab-ci.yml`不覆蓋它,它將由 Runner 使用:
```
concurrent = 4
[[runners]]
url = "GITLAB_URL"
token = "TOKEN"
executor = "docker"
builds_dir = "/builds"
cache_dir = "/cache"
environment = [
"GIT_DEPTH=10",
"GIT_CLONE_PATH=$CI_BUILDS_DIR/$CI_CONCURRENT_ID/$CI_PROJECT_NAME"
]
[runners.docker]
volumes = ["/builds:/builds", "/cache:/cache"]
```
這使得克隆配置成為給定 Runner 的一部分,并且不需要我們更新每個`.gitlab-ci.yml` .
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