# Repository storage types
> 原文:[https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/repository_storage_types.html](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/repository_storage_types.html)
* [Hashed storage](#hashed-storage)
* [Translating hashed storage paths](#translating-hashed-storage-paths)
* [From project name to hashed path](#from-project-name-to-hashed-path)
* [From hashed path to project name](#from-hashed-path-to-project-name)
* [Hashed object pools](#hashed-object-pools)
* [Hashed storage coverage migration](#hashed-storage-coverage-migration)
* [Avatars](#avatars)
* [CI artifacts](#ci-artifacts)
* [LFS objects](#lfs-objects)
* [Legacy storage](#legacy-storage)
# Repository storage types[](#repository-storage-types-core-only "Permalink")
版本歷史
* 在 GitLab 10.0 中[引入](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/-/issues/28283) .
* 靜默存儲已成為 GitLab 12.0 中新安裝的默認存儲
* 默認情況下,在 GitLab 13.0 中為新項目和重命名項目啟用了哈希存儲.
可以將 GitLab 配置為使用一個或多個存儲庫存儲路徑/碎片位置,它們可以是:
* 掛載到本地磁盤
* 公開為 NFS 共享卷
* 在自己的計算機上通過[Gitaly](gitaly/index.html)訪問.
在 GitLab 中,這是通過`git_data_dirs({})`配置哈希值在`/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`進行配置的. 此處討論的存儲布局將適用于其中定義的所有分片.
在未自定義它的任何安裝中可用的`default`存儲庫碎片指向本地文件夾: `/var/opt/gitlab/git-data` . 下面討論的所有內容都應屬于該文件夾.
## Hashed storage[](#hashed-storage "Permalink")
**注意:**在 GitLab 13.0 中,默認情況下啟用了哈希存儲,并且不建議使用舊存儲. 在 GitLab 14.0 中將刪除對舊存儲的支持. 如果您尚未遷移,請查看[遷移說明](raketasks/storage.html#migrate-to-hashed-storage) . 在管理區域中的哈希存儲和舊存儲之間進行選擇的選項已被禁用.
哈希存儲是我們從 10.0 開始推出的存儲行為. 與其耦合項目 URL 和將存儲庫存儲在磁盤上的文件夾結構,不如基于項目 ID 耦合散列. 這使得文件夾結構不可變,因此消除了將狀態從 URL 同步到磁盤結構的任何要求. 這意味著重命名組,用戶或項目將僅花費數據庫事務的費用,并且將立即生效.
哈希還有助于將存儲庫更均勻地分布在磁盤上,因此頂層目錄包含的文件夾少于頂層命名空間的總數.
哈希格式基于 SHA256 的十六進制表示形式: `SHA256(project.id)` . 頂級文件夾使用前兩個字符,然后是另一個文件夾,其后兩個字符. 它們都存儲在特殊的`@hashed`文件夾中,以便能夠與現有的 Legacy Storage 項目共存:
```
# Project's repository:
"@hashed/#{hash[0..1]}/#{hash[2..3]}/#{hash}.git"
# Wiki's repository:
"@hashed/#{hash[0..1]}/#{hash[2..3]}/#{hash}.wiki.git"
```
### Translating hashed storage paths[](#translating-hashed-storage-paths "Permalink")
對 Git 存儲庫中的問題進行故障排除,添加掛鉤和其他任務,將需要您在人類可讀的項目名稱和哈希存儲路徑之間進行轉換.
#### From project name to hashed path[](#from-project-name-to-hashed-path "Permalink")
哈希路徑顯示在項目頁面的[admin 區域中](../user/admin_area/index.html#administering-projects) .
要訪問"項目"頁面,請轉到" **管理區域">"概述">"項目"** ,然后打開該項目的頁面.
此處顯示" Gitaly 相對路徑",例如:
```
"@hashed/b1/7e/b17ef6d19c7a5b1ee83b907c595526dcb1eb06db8227d650d5dda0a9f4ce8cd9.git"
```
這是默認 Omnibus 安裝中`/var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories/`下的路徑.
在[Rails 控制臺中](troubleshooting/debug.html#starting-a-rails-console-session) ,使用數字項目 ID 或完整路徑獲取此信息:
```
Project.find(16).disk_path
Project.find_by_full_path('group/project').disk_path
```
#### From hashed path to project name[](#from-hashed-path-to-project-name "Permalink")
要將哈希存儲路徑轉換為項目名稱,請執行以下操作:
1. 啟動[Rails 控制臺](troubleshooting/debug.html#starting-a-rails-console-session) .
2. 運行以下命令:
```
ProjectRepository.find_by(disk_path: '@hashed/b1/7e/b17ef6d19c7a5b1ee83b907c595526dcb1eb06db8227d650d5dda0a9f4ce8cd9').project
```
該命令中帶引號的字符串是您在 GitLab 服務器上找到的目錄樹. 例如,在默認的 Omnibus 安裝上,該`.git`將是`/var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories/@hashed/b1/7e/b17ef6d19c7a5b1ee83b907c595526dcb1eb06db8227d650d5dda0a9f4ce8cd9.git`從目錄名稱的末尾刪除.
輸出包括項目 ID 和項目名稱:
```
=> #<Project id:16 it/supportteam/ticketsystem>
```
### Hashed object pools[](#hashed-object-pools "Permalink")
在 GitLab 12.1 中[引入](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/-/issues/1606) .
**危險:**不要在池存儲庫中運行`git prune`或`git gc` ! 這可能會導致依賴于相關池的"實際"存儲庫中的數據丟失.
通過創建第三個存儲庫(對象池)對公共項目的分支進行重復數據刪除,其中包含來自源項目的對象. 使用`objects/info/alternates` ,源項目和派生將對象池用于共享對象. 當在源項目上運行內務管理時,會將對象從源項目移動到對象池.
```
# object pool paths
"@pools/#{hash[0..1]}/#{hash[2..3]}/#{hash}.git"
```
### Hashed storage coverage migration[](#hashed-storage-coverage-migration "Permalink")
如果存儲在 S3 兼容端點中的文件沒有前綴`#{namespace}/#{project_name}` (對于 CI Cache 和 LFS 對象是正確的`#{namespace}/#{project_name}` ,則不會有前面提到的缺點.
在下表中,您可以找到遷移到哈希存儲的范圍.
| 可存儲對象 | 舊版存儲 | 雜物箱 | 兼容 S3 | GitLab 版本 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Repository | Yes | Yes | - | 10.0 |
| Attachments | Yes | Yes | - | 10.2 |
| Avatars | Yes | No | - | - |
| Pages | Yes | No | - | - |
| Docker 注冊表 | Yes | No | - | - |
| CI 構建日志 | No | No | - | - |
| CI Artifacts | No | No | Yes | 9.4 / 10.6 |
| CI 緩存 | No | No | Yes | - |
| LFS 對象 | Yes | Similar | Yes | 10.0 / 10.7 |
| 儲存庫 | No | Yes | - | 11.6 |
#### Avatars[](#avatars "Permalink")
每個文件都以其`id`來自數據庫的形式存儲在一個文件夾中. 用戶頭像的文件名始終為`avatar.png` . 替換頭像后, `Upload`模型將被銷毀,并使用另一個`id`進行替換.
#### CI artifacts[](#ci-artifacts "Permalink")
CI Artifacts 從**9.4** (GitLab Premium)開始兼容 S3,從**10.6**開始在 GitLab Core 中可用.
#### LFS objects[](#lfs-objects "Permalink")
[GitLab 中的 LFS 對象](../topics/git/lfs/index.html)遵循 Git 自己的實現,使用 2 個字符,2 個級別的文件夾實現了類似的存儲模式:
```
"shared/lfs-objects/#{oid[0..1}/#{oid[2..3]}/#{oid[4..-1]}"
# Based on object `oid`: `8909029eb962194cfb326259411b22ae3f4a814b5be4f80651735aeef9f3229c`, path will be:
"shared/lfs-objects/89/09/029eb962194cfb326259411b22ae3f4a814b5be4f80651735aeef9f3229c"
```
LFS 對象也與[S3 兼容](lfs/index.html#storing-lfs-objects-in-remote-object-storage) .
## Legacy storage[](#legacy-storage "Permalink")
**不建議使用:**在 GitLab 13.0 中,默認情況下啟用了哈希存儲,并且不建議使用舊存儲. 如果您尚未遷移,請查看[遷移說明](raketasks/storage.html#migrate-to-hashed-storage) . 在 GitLab 14.0 中將刪除對舊存儲的支持. 如果您使用的是 GitLab 13.0 及更高版本,則無法將新項目切換到舊版存儲. 在管理區域中的哈希存儲和舊存儲之間進行選擇的選項已被禁用.
舊版存儲是 10.0 版之前的存儲行為. 由于歷史原因,GitLab 從項目 URL 復制了相同的映射結構:
* 項目的存儲庫: `#{namespace}/#{project_name}.git`
* 項目的 Wiki: `#{namespace}/#{project_name}.wiki.git`
這種結構使從現有解決方案到 GitLab 的遷移變得簡單,并且管理員可以輕松找到存儲庫的存儲位置.
On the other hand this has some drawbacks:
存儲位置將集中大量的頂級名稱空間. 可以通過引入[多個存儲路徑](repository_storage_paths.html)來減少影響.
由于備份是相同 URL 映射的快照,因此,如果您嘗試恢復非常舊的備份,則需要驗證是否有任何項目代替了共享相同 URL 的舊項目或已重命名的項目. 這意味著您備份中的`mygroup/myproject`可能與今天使用相同 URL 的原始項目不同.
URL 的任何更改都需要反映在磁盤上(重命名組/用戶或項目時). 在大型安裝中,這可能會增加很多負載,尤其是在使用任何類型的基于網絡的文件系統時.
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