# GitLab release and maintenance policy
> 原文:[https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/policy/maintenance.html](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/policy/maintenance.html)
* [Versioning](#versioning)
* [Upgrade recommendations](#upgrade-recommendations)
* [Upgrading major versions](#upgrading-major-versions)
* [Version 12 onward: Extra step for major upgrades](#version-12-onward-extra-step-for-major-upgrades)
* [Example upgrade paths](#example-upgrade-paths)
* [Upgrades from versions earlier than 8.12](#upgrades-from-versions-earlier-than-812)
* [Multi-step upgrade paths with GitLab all-in-one Linux package repository](#multi-step-upgrade-paths-with-gitlab-all-in-one-linux-package-repository)
* [Patch releases](#patch-releases)
* [Backporting to older releases](#backporting-to-older-releases)
* [Security releases](#security-releases)
* [More information](#more-information)
# GitLab release and maintenance policy[](#gitlab-release-and-maintenance-policy "Permalink")
GitLab 擁有嚴格的政策來管理版本命名,以及主要,次要,補丁和安全發布的發布速度. 新版本在[GitLab 博客](https://about.gitlab.com/releases/categories/releases/)上宣布.
我們目前的政策是:
* 在任何給定時間, **僅針對當前穩定版本**進行向后移植錯誤修復. (請參閱[修補程序版本](#patch-releases) .)
* **除了當前的穩定版本之外,還將**安全修復程序反向移植**到前兩個月的版本中** . (請參閱[安全性發布](#security-releases) .)
在極少數情況下,版本管理者可能會例外,并向后移植到最近兩個月以上的版本. 有關更多信息,請參見[向舊版本的移植](#backporting-to-older-releases) .
## Versioning[](#versioning "Permalink")
GitLab 在其發行版中使用了[語義版本控制](https://semver.org/) :( `(Major).(Minor).(Patch)` .
例如,對于 GitLab 版本 12.10.6:
* `12`代表主要版本. 主要版本是 12.0.0,但通常稱為 12.0.
* `10`代表次要版本. 次要版本為 12.10.0,但通常稱為 12.10.
* `6`代表補丁號碼.
版本號的任何部分都可以遞增為多個數字,例如 13.10.11.
下表描述了版本類型及其發布節奏:
| 版本類型 | Description | Cadence |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Major | 對于重大更改,或向公共 API 引入任何向后不兼容的更改時. | 每年. 下一個主要版本是 2021 年 5 月 22 日的 GitLab 14.0.默認情況下,后續主要版本計劃于每年 5 月 22 日發布. |
| Minor | 當將新的向后兼容功能引入公共 API 時,將引入次要功能,或者推出一組較小的功能. | 每月 22 日. |
| Patch | 對于向后兼容的錯誤修復程序,用于修復錯誤的行為. 請參閱[修補程序版本](#patch-releases) . | 如所須. |
## Upgrade recommendations[](#upgrade-recommendations "Permalink")
我們鼓勵所有人運行[最新的穩定版,](https://about.gitlab.com/releases/categories/releases/)以確保您可以輕松升級到最安全,功能最豐富的 GitLab 體驗. 為確保您可以輕松運行最新的穩定版本,我們正在努力使更新過程簡單可靠.
如果您無法遵循我們的每月發布周期,則需要考慮幾種情況.
在一個主要版本中的補丁版本和次要版本之間跳轉是安全的. 例如,安全的是:
* 升級*次要*版本. 例如:
* `12.7.5` -> `12.10.5`
* `11.3.4` -> `11.11.1`
* `10.6.6` -> `10.8.3`
* `11.3.4` -> `11.11.8`
* `10.6.6` -> `10.8.7`
* `9.2.3` -> `9.5.5`
* `8.9.4` -> `8.12.3`
* 升級*補丁程序*版本. 例如:
* `12.0.4` -> `12.0.12`
* `11.11.1` -> `11.11.8`
* `10.6.3` -> `10.6.6`
* `11.11.1` -> `11.11.8`
* `10.6.3` -> `10.6.6`
* `9.5.5` -> `9.5.9`
* `8.9.2` -> `8.9.6`
**注意:** Omnibus GitLab Linux 軟件包中特定于版本的更改可在[Omnibus GitLab 文檔中找到](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/update/README.html) .**注意:**有關在本地下載 Omnibus GitLab Linux 軟件包以及[手動安裝的](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/manual_install.html)說明.
### Upgrading major versions[](#upgrading-major-versions "Permalink")
升級*主要*版本需要更多注意. 向后不兼容的更改和遷移保留用于主要版本. 我們不能保證主要版本之間的升級是無縫的. 我們建議在升級到下一個主要版本之前,先升級到主要版本中的最新可用*次要*版本. 這樣做將解決所有向后不兼容的更改或棄用,以幫助確保成功升級到下一個主要版本.
同樣重要的是,在升級到新的主要版本之前,請確保所有后臺遷移已完全完成. 要查看`background_migration`隊列的當前大小, [請在升級前檢查后臺遷移](../update/README.html#checking-for-background-migrations-before-upgrading) .
如果您的 GitLab 實例具有與之關聯的任何 GitLab Runner,則升級 GitLab Runners 以匹配已升級到的 GitLab 次要版本非常重要. 這是為了確保[與 GitLab 版本兼容](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/) .
### Version 12 onward: Extra step for major upgrades[](#version-12-onward-extra-step-for-major-upgrades "Permalink")
從版本 12 開始,還需要執行其他步驟. 在主要版本升級期間,可能會發生更重要的遷移.
為確保這些成功:
1. 在主要版本跳轉期間遞增到第一個次要版本( `x.0.x` ).
2. 繼續升級到較新的版本.
**例如: `11.5.x` - > `11.11.x` - > `12.0.x` - > `12.10.x` - > `13.0.x`**
### Example upgrade paths[](#example-upgrade-paths "Permalink")
Please see the table below for some examples:
| 目標版本 | 您的版本 | 推薦升級路徑 | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `13.2.0` | `11.5.0` | `11.5.0` -> `11.11.8` -> `12.0.12` -> `12.10.6` -> `13.0.0` -> `13.2.0` | 四個中間版本是必需的:最終的`11.11` , `12.0`和`12.10`的版本,再加上`13.0` . |
| `13.0.1` | `11.10.8` | `11.10.5` -> `11.11.8` -> `12.0.12` -> `12.10.6` -> `13.0.1` | 三個中間版本是必需的: `11.11` , `12.0`和`12.10` . |
| `12.10.6` | `11.3.4` | `11.3.4` -> `11.11.8` -> `12.0.12` -> `12.10.6` | 需要兩個中間版本: `11.11`和`12.0` |
| `12.9.5` | `10.4.5` | `10.4.5` -> `10.8.7` -> `11.11.8` -> `12.0.12` -> `12.9.5` | 三個中間版本是必需的: `10.8` , `11.11`和`12.0` ,然后`12.9.5` |
| `12.2.5` | `9.2.6` | `9.2.6` -> `9.5.10` -> `10.8.7` -> `11.11.8` -> `12.0.12` -> `12.2.5` | 四個中間版本是必需的: `9.5` , `10.8` , `11.11` , `12.0` ,然后`12.2` . |
| `11.3.4` | `8.13.4` | `8.13.4` -> `8.17.7` -> `9.5.10` -> `10.8.7` -> `11.3.4` | `8.17.7`是版本 8 的最新版本, `9.5.10`是版本 9 的最新版本, `10.8.7`是版本 10 的最新版本. |
### Upgrades from versions earlier than 8.12[](#upgrades-from-versions-earlier-than-812 "Permalink")
* `8.11.x`和更早版本:您可能必須先升級到`8.12.0`然后才能升級到`8.17.7` . 這是[在一個問題](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/207259)中[報道的](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/207259) .
* [將 8.0](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/update/README.html)合并到 GitLab 時, [CI 會在 8.0 版之前更改](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/update/README.html) .
### Multi-step upgrade paths with GitLab all-in-one Linux package repository[](#multi-step-upgrade-paths-with-gitlab-all-in-one-linux-package-repository "Permalink")
Linux 軟件包管理器默認安裝用于安裝和升級的軟件包的最新可用版本. 對于需要多階段升級路徑的舊版 GitLab 版本,直接升級到最新的主要版本可能會出現問題.
當遵循跨多個版本的升級路徑時,對于每次升級,請在軟件包管理器的 install 或 upgrade 命令中指定所需的 GitLab 版本號.
Examples:
```
# apt-get (Ubuntu/Debian)
sudo apt-get upgrade gitlab-ee=12.0.12-ee.0
# yum (RHEL/CentOS 6 and 7)
yum install gitlab-ee-12.0.12-ee.0.el7
# dnf (RHEL/CentOS 8)
dnf install gitlab-ee-12.0.12-ee.0.el8
# zypper (SUSE)
zypper install gitlab-ee=12.0.12-ee.0
```
## Patch releases[](#patch-releases "Permalink")
補丁程序發行版**僅包含**針對當前穩定發行版 GitLab 的**錯誤修復** .
制定這兩項政策是因為:
1. GitLab 擁有社區和企業發行版,使測試/發布軟件所需的工作量加倍.
2. 向多個版本進行反向移植會產生很高的開發,質量保證和支持成本.
3. 支持并行版本不鼓勵逐步升級,隨著時間的推移,升級會越來越復雜,并給所有用戶帶來升級挑戰. manbetx 客戶端打不開有一個專門的團隊,以確保增量升級(和安裝)盡可能簡單.
4. 在 GitLab 應用程序中創建的更改數量很多,這有助于將復雜性向后移植到較舊的版本. 在某些情況下,向后移植必須經過相同的審核過程,然后才能進行新的更改.
5. 在某些情況下,確保測試能夠通過舊版本是一個相當大的挑戰,因此非常耗時.
無法在補丁程序發行版中包含新功能,因為這會破壞[語義版本控制](https://semver.org/) . 對于必須遵守各種內部要求(例如,組織合規性,驗證新功能等)的用戶,破壞[語義版本控制](https://semver.org/)具有以下后果:
1. 無法快速升級以利用補丁程序版本中包含的錯誤修復程序.
2. 無法快速升級以利用補丁程序版本中包含的安全修復程序.
3. 要求包括對穩定的 GitLab 版本以及每個補丁版本的廣泛測試.
如果戰略用戶需要在正式發布功能之前對其進行測試,我們可以提供創建包含特定功能的候選發布(RC)版本的功能. 僅在極端情況下才需要這樣做,并且可以通過在[發布/任務](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/release/tasks/-/issues/new?issuable_template=Backporting-request)問題跟蹤器中提出問題來請求考慮. 重要的是要注意,發布候選版本還將包含其他功能和更改,因為無法輕松隔離特定功能(如上所述的類似原因). 候選發布版本與部署到 GitLab.com 或可公開訪問的任何代碼沒有什么不同.
### Backporting to older releases[](#backporting-to-older-releases "Permalink")
向后移植到多個穩定版本通常是為[安全版本](#security-releases)保留的. 但是,在某些情況下,我們可能需要將*錯誤修復程序*回移植到多個穩定版本中,具體取決于錯誤的嚴重性.
[當前版本管理者](https://about.gitlab.com/community/release-managers/)將決定是否執行向后移植更改,這與[管理 bug](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/PROCESS.md#managing-bugs)流程中所述類似,基于以下*所有條件* :
1. 錯誤的估計[嚴重性](../development/contributing/issue_workflow.html#severity-labels) :根據當前的嚴重性定義,對用戶的最大影響.
2. 錯誤的估計[優先級](../development/contributing/issue_workflow.html#priority-labels) :根據上述估計的嚴重性,立即對所有受影響的用戶產生影響.
3. 潛在的數據丟失和/或安全漏洞.
4. 由于用戶證明無法升級到當前的穩定版本,因此可能影響一個或多個戰略帳戶.
如果滿足以上*所有條件* ,則可以為當前的穩定版本和兩個先前的每月版本創建反向版本. 在極少數情況下,發行經理可以授予例外,以向后移植到兩個以上的先前每月發行中. 例如,如果我們發布`11.2.1`并包含`11.0.0`引入的嚴重錯誤的修復程序,則可以將該修復程序`11.1.x`移植到新的`11.0.x`和`11.1.x`補丁程序版本.
To request backporting to more than one stable release for consideration, raise an issue in the [release/tasks](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/release/tasks/-/issues/new?issuable_template=Backporting-request) issue tracker.
### Security releases[](#security-releases "Permalink")
安全版本是一種特殊的修補程序版本,除了當前的穩定版本之外,僅包括前兩個月版本的安全修補程序和修補程序(請參見下文).
對于非常嚴重的安全問題, [有先例](https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2016/05/02/cve-2016-4340-patches/)將安全修復程序向后移植到 GitLab 的每月發布版本. 該決定是根據具體情況做出的.
## More information[](#more-information "Permalink")
Check [our release posts](https://about.gitlab.com/releases/categories/releases/).
每個月,我們都會發布 GitLab 的主要版本或次要版本. 在這些發行文章的末尾,有三個部分可供查找:棄用,刪除和有關升級的重要說明. 這些將包括:
* 升級過程中需要執行的步驟. 例如, [8.12](https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2016/09/22/gitlab-8-12-released/#upgrade-barometer)需要重新創建 Elasticsearch 索引. 任何較舊版本的 GitLab 升級到 8.12 或更高版本都需要此功能.
* 對我們支持的軟件版本的更改,例如[在 GitLab 13 中不再支持 IE11](https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2020/03/22/gitlab-12-9-released/#ending-support-for-internet-explorer-11) .
You should check all the major and minor versions you’re passing over.
有關發行過程的更多信息,請參見我們的[發行文檔](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/release/docs) . 您可能還需要閱讀我們的《 [負責任的披露政策》](https://about.gitlab.com/security/disclosure/) .
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