http — HTTP 模塊 · Python3.7.3官方文檔簡體中文

### 導航 - [索引](../genindex.xhtml "總目錄") - [模塊](../py-modindex.xhtml "Python 模塊索引") | - [下一頁](http.client.xhtml "http.client --- HTTP協議客戶端") | - [上一頁](urllib.robotparser.xhtml "urllib.robotparser --- Parser for robots.txt") | - ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/a721fc7ec672275e257bbbfde49a4d4e_16x16.png) - [Python](https://www.python.org/) ? - zh\_CN 3.7.3 [文檔](../index.xhtml) ? - [Python 標準庫](index.xhtml) ? - [互聯網協議和支持](internet.xhtml) ? - $('.inline-search').show(0); | # [`http`](#module-http "http: HTTP status codes and messages") --- HTTP 模塊 **源代碼:** [Lib/http/\_\_init\_\_.py](https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.7/Lib/http/__init__.py) \[https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.7/Lib/http/\_\_init\_\_.py\] - - - - - - [`http`](#module-http "http: HTTP status codes and messages") 是一個包，它收集了多個用于處理超文本傳輸協議的模塊: - [`http.client`](http.client.xhtml#module-http.client "http.client: HTTP and HTTPS protocol client (requires sockets).") 是一個低層級的 HTTP 協議客戶端；對于高層級的 URL 訪問請使用 [`urllib.request`](urllib.request.xhtml#module-urllib.request "urllib.request: Extensible library for opening URLs.") - [`http.server`](http.server.xhtml#module-http.server "http.server: HTTP server and request handlers.") 包含基于 [`socketserver`](socketserver.xhtml#module-socketserver "socketserver: A framework for network servers.") 的基本 HTTP 服務類 - [`http.cookies`](http.cookies.xhtml#module-http.cookies "http.cookies: Support for HTTP state management (cookies).") 包含一些有用來實現通過 cookies 進行狀態管理的工具 - [`http.cookiejar`](http.cookiejar.xhtml#module-http.cookiejar "http.cookiejar: Classes for automatic handling of HTTP cookies.") 提供了 cookies 的持久化 [`http`](#module-http "http: HTTP status codes and messages") 也是一個通過 [`http.HTTPStatus`](#http.HTTPStatus "http.HTTPStatus") 枚舉定義了一些 HTTP 狀態碼以及相關聯消息的模塊 *class* `http.``HTTPStatus`3\.5 新版功能. [`enum.IntEnum`](enum.xhtml#enum.IntEnum "enum.IntEnum") 的子類，它定義了組 HTTP 狀態碼，原理短語以及用英語書寫的長描述文本。用法: ``` >>> from http import HTTPStatus >>> HTTPStatus.OK <HTTPStatus.OK: 200> >>> HTTPStatus.OK == 200 True >>> http.HTTPStatus.OK.value 200 >>> HTTPStatus.OK.phrase 'OK' >>> HTTPStatus.OK.description 'Request fulfilled, document follows' >>> list(HTTPStatus) [<HTTPStatus.CONTINUE: 100>, <HTTPStatus.SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS: 101>, ...] ``` ## HTTP 狀態碼已支持并且已在 [`http.HTTPStatus`](#http.HTTPStatus "http.HTTPStatus") [IANA 注冊](https://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes/http-status-codes.xhtml) \[https://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes/http-status-codes.xhtml\] 的狀態碼有：狀態碼映射名詳情 `100` `CONTINUE` HTTP/1.1 [**RFC 7231**](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231.html) \[https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231.html\], Section 6.2.1 `101` `SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS` HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.2.2 `102` `PROCESSING` WebDAV RFC 2518, Section 10.1 `200` `OK` HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.3.1 `201` `CREATED` HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.3.2 `202` `ACCEPTED` HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.3.3 `203` `NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION` HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.3.4 `204` `NO_CONTENT` HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.3.5 `205` `RESET_CONTENT` HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.3.6 `206` `PARTIAL_CONTENT` HTTP/1.1 RFC 7233, Section 4.1 `207` `MULTI_STATUS` WebDAV RFC 4918, Section 11.1 `208` `ALREADY_REPORTED` WebDAV Binding Extensions RFC 5842, Section 7.1 (Experimental) `226` `IM_USED` Delta Encoding in HTTP RFC 3229, Section 10.4.1 `300` `MULTIPLE_CHOICES`：有多種資源可選擇 HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.4.1 `301` `MOVED_PERMANENTLY`：永久移動 HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.4.2 `302` `FOUND`：臨時移動 HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.4.3 `303` `SEE_OTHER`：已經移動 HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.4.4 `304` `NOT_MODIFIED`：沒有修改 HTTP/1.1 RFC 7232, Section 4.1 `305` `USE_PROXY`：使用代理 HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.4.5 `307` `TEMPORARY_REDIRECT`：臨時重定向 HTTP/1.1 [**RFC 7231**](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231.html) \[https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231.html\], Section 6.4.7 `308` `PERMANENT_REDIRECT`：永久重定向 Permanent Redirect [**RFC 7238**](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7238.html) \[https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7238.html\], Section 3 (Experimental) `400` `BAD_REQUEST`：錯誤請求 HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.1 `401` `UNAUTHORIZED`：未授權 HTTP/1.1 Authentication RFC 7235, Section 3.1 `402` `PAYMENT_REQUIRED`：保留，將來使用 HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.2 `403` `FORBIDDEN`：禁止 HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.3 `404` `NOT_FOUND`：沒有找到 HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.4 `405` `METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED`：該請求方法不允許 HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.5 `406` `NOT_ACCEPTABLE`：不可接受 HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.6 `407` `PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED`：要求使用代理驗證身份 HTTP/1.1 Authentication RFC 7235, Section 3.1 `408` `REQUEST_TIMEOUT`：請求超時 HTTP/1.1 [**RFC 7231**](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231.html) \[https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231.html\], Section 6.5.7 `409` `CONFLICT`：沖突 HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.8 `410` `GONE`：已經不在了 HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.9 `411` `LENGTH_REQUIRED`：長度要求 HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.10 `412` `PRECONDITION_FAILED`：前提條件錯誤 HTTP/1.1 RFC 7232, Section 4.2 `413` `REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE`：請求體太大了 HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.11 `414` `REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG`：請求URI太長了 HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.12 `415` `UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE`：不支持的媒體格式 HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.13 `416` `REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE` HTTP/1.1 Range Requests RFC 7233, Section 4.4 `417` `EXPECTATION_FAILED`：期望失敗 HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.14 `421` `MISDIRECTED_REQUEST` HTTP/2 [**RFC 7540**](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540.html) \[https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540.html\], Section 9.1.2 `422` `UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY`：可加工實體 WebDAV RFC 4918, Section 11.2 `423` `LOCKED`：鎖著 WebDAV RFC 4918, Section 11.3 `424` `FAILED_DEPENDENCY`：失敗的依賴 WebDAV RFC 4918, Section 11.4 `426` `UPGRADE_REQUIRED`：升級需要 HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.15 `428` `PRECONDITION_REQUIRED`：先決條件要求 Additional HTTP Status Codes RFC 6585 `429` `TOO_MANY_REQUESTS`：太多的請求 Additional HTTP Status Codes RFC 6585 `431` `REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE`：請求頭太大 Additional HTTP Status Codes RFC 6585 `500` `INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR`：內部服務錯誤 HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.6.1 `501` `NOT_IMPLEMENTED`：不可執行 HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.6.2 `502` `BAD_GATEWAY`：無效網關 HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.6.3 `503` `SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE`：服務不可用 HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.6.4 `504` `GATEWAY_TIMEOUT`：網關超時 HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.6.5 `505` `HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED`：HTTP版本不支持 HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.6.6 `506` `VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES`：服務器存在內部配置錯誤透明內容協商在： HTTP [**RFC 2295**](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2295.html) \[https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2295.html\], Section 8.1 (實驗性的) `507` `INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE`：存儲不足 WebDAV RFC 4918, Section 11.5 `508` `LOOP_DETECTED`：循環檢測 WebDAV Binding Extensions RFC 5842, Section 7.2 (Experimental) `510` `NOT_EXTENDED`：不擴展 WebDAV Binding Extensions RFC 5842, Section 7.2 (Experimental) `511` `NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED`：要求網絡身份驗證 Additional HTTP Status Codes [**RFC 6585**](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6585.html) \[https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6585.html\], Section 6 為了保持向后兼容性，枚舉值也以常量形式出現在 [`http.client`](http.client.xhtml#module-http.client "http.client: HTTP and HTTPS protocol client (requires sockets).") 模塊中，。枚舉名等于常量名 (例如 `http.HTTPStatus.OK` 也可以是 `http.client.OK`)。在 3.7 版更改: 添加了 `421 MISDIRECTED_REQUEST` 狀態碼。 ### 導航 - [索引](../genindex.xhtml "總目錄") - [模塊](../py-modindex.xhtml "Python 模塊索引") | - [下一頁](http.client.xhtml "http.client --- HTTP協議客戶端") | - [上一頁](urllib.robotparser.xhtml "urllib.robotparser --- Parser for robots.txt") | - ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/a721fc7ec672275e257bbbfde49a4d4e_16x16.png) - [Python](https://www.python.org/) ? - zh\_CN 3.7.3 [文檔](../index.xhtml) ? - [Python 標準庫](index.xhtml) ? - [互聯網協議和支持](internet.xhtml) ? - $('.inline-search').show(0); | ? 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