> 編寫:[awong1900](https://github.com/awong1900) - 原文:[http://developer.android.com/training/tv/discovery/searchable.html](http://developer.android.com/training/tv/discovery/searchable.html) 安卓TV使用安卓[搜索接口](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/search/index.html)從安裝的應用中檢索內容數據并且釋放搜索結果給用戶。你的應用內容數據能被包含在這些結果中，去給用戶即時訪問應用程序中的內容。 你的應用必須提供安卓TV數據字段，它是用戶在搜索框中輸入字符生成的建議搜索結果。去做這個，你的應用必須實現[Content Provider](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/providers/content-providers.html)，在[searchable.xml](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/search/searchable-config.html)配置文件描述content provider和其他必要的安卓TV信息。你也需要一個[activity](# "An activity represents a single screen with a user interface.")在用戶選擇一個建議的搜索結果時處理intent的觸發。所有的這些被描述在[Adding Custom Suggestions](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/search/adding-custom-suggestions.html)。本文描述安卓TV應用搜索的關鍵點。 這節課展示安卓中搜索的知識，展示如何使你的應用在安卓TV里是可被搜索的。確信你熟悉[Search API guide](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/search/index.html)的解釋。在下面的這節課程之前，查看[Adding Search Functionality](http://developer.android.com/training/search/index.html)訓練。 這個討論描述了一些代碼，從[安卓Leanback示例代碼](https://github.com/googlesamples/androidtv-Leanback)摘出。代碼可以在Github上找到。 ### 識別列 [SearchManager](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/SearchManager.html)描述了數據字段，它被代表為SOLite數據庫的列。不管你的數據格式，你必須把你的數據字段填到那些列，通常用存取你的內容數據的類。更多信息，查看[Building a suggestion table()](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/search/adding-custom-suggestions.html#SuggestionTable)。 SearchManager類為安卓TV包含了幾個列。下面是重要的一些列： | 值 | 描述 | |-----|-----| | `SUGGEST_COLUMN_TEXT_1` | 內容名字 **(required)** | | `SUGGEST_COLUMN_TEXT_2` | 內容的文本描述 | | `SUGGEST_COLUMN_RESULT_CARD_IMAGE` | 圖片/封面 | | `SUGGEST_COLUMN_CONTENT_TYPE` | 媒體的MIME類型 **(required)** | | `SUGGEST_COLUMN_VIDEO_WIDTH` | 媒體的分辨率寬度`SUGGEST_COLUMN_VIDEO_HEIGHT` | 媒體的分辨率高度 | | `SUGGEST_COLUMN_PRODUCTION_YEAR` | 內容的產品年份 **(required)** | | `SUGGEST_COLUMN_DURATION` | 媒體的時間長度 | 搜索framework需要以下的列： - [SUGGEST_COLUMN_TEXT_1](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/SearchManager.html#SUGGEST_COLUMN_TEXT_1) - [SUGGEST_COLUMN_CONTENT_TYPE](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/SearchManager.html#SUGGEST_COLUMN_CONTENT_TYPE) - [SUGGEST_COLUMN_PRODUCTION_YEAR](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/SearchManager.html#SUGGEST_COLUMN_PRODUCTION_YEAR) 當這些內容的列的值匹配Google服務的providers提供的的值時，系統提供一個[深鏈接](http://developer.android.com/training/app-indexing/deep-linking.html)到你的應用，用于詳情查看，以及指向應用的其他Providers的鏈接。更多討論在[在詳情頁顯示內容](http://developer.android.com/training/tv/discovery/searchable.html#details)。 你的應用的數據庫類可能定義以下的列： ~~~ public class VideoDatabase { //The columns we'll include in the video database table public static final String KEY_NAME = SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_TEXT_1; public static final String KEY_DESCRIPTION = SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_TEXT_2; public static final String KEY_ICON = SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_RESULT_CARD_IMAGE; public static final String KEY_DATA_TYPE = SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_CONTENT_TYPE; public static final String KEY_IS_LIVE = SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_IS_LIVE; public static final String KEY_VIDEO_WIDTH = SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_VIDEO_WIDTH; public static final String KEY_VIDEO_HEIGHT = SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_VIDEO_HEIGHT; public static final String KEY_AUDIO_CHANNEL_CONFIG = SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_AUDIO_CHANNEL_CONFIG; public static final String KEY_PURCHASE_PRICE = SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_PURCHASE_PRICE; public static final String KEY_RENTAL_PRICE = SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_RENTAL_PRICE; public static final String KEY_RATING_STYLE = SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_RATING_STYLE; public static final String KEY_RATING_SCORE = SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_RATING_SCORE; public static final String KEY_PRODUCTION_YEAR = SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_PRODUCTION_YEAR; public static final String KEY_COLUMN_DURATION = SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_DURATION; public static final String KEY_ACTION = SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_INTENT_ACTION; ... ~~~ 當你創建從[SearchManager](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/SearchManager.html)列填充到你的數據字段時，你也必須定義[_ID](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/provider/BaseColumns.html#_ID)去獲得每行的獨一無二的ID。 ~~~ ... private static HashMap buildColumnMap() { HashMap map = new HashMap(); map.put(KEY_NAME, KEY_NAME); map.put(KEY_DESCRIPTION, KEY_DESCRIPTION); map.put(KEY_ICON, KEY_ICON); map.put(KEY_DATA_TYPE, KEY_DATA_TYPE); map.put(KEY_IS_LIVE, KEY_IS_LIVE); map.put(KEY_VIDEO_WIDTH, KEY_VIDEO_WIDTH); map.put(KEY_VIDEO_HEIGHT, KEY_VIDEO_HEIGHT); map.put(KEY_AUDIO_CHANNEL_CONFIG, KEY_AUDIO_CHANNEL_CONFIG); map.put(KEY_PURCHASE_PRICE, KEY_PURCHASE_PRICE); map.put(KEY_RENTAL_PRICE, KEY_RENTAL_PRICE); map.put(KEY_RATING_STYLE, KEY_RATING_STYLE); map.put(KEY_RATING_SCORE, KEY_RATING_SCORE); map.put(KEY_PRODUCTION_YEAR, KEY_PRODUCTION_YEAR); map.put(KEY_COLUMN_DURATION, KEY_COLUMN_DURATION); map.put(KEY_ACTION, KEY_ACTION); map.put(BaseColumns._ID, "rowid AS " + BaseColumns._ID); map.put(SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_INTENT_DATA_ID, "rowid AS " + SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_INTENT_DATA_ID); map.put(SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_SHORTCUT_ID, "rowid AS " + SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_SHORTCUT_ID); return map; } ... ~~~ 在上面的例子中，注意填充[SUGGEST_COLUMN_INTENT_DATA_ID](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/SearchManager.html#SUGGEST_COLUMN_INTENT_DATA_ID)字段。這是URI的一部分，指向獨一無二的內容到這一列的數據，那是URI描述的內容被存儲的最后部分。在URI的第一部分，與所有表格的列同樣，是設置[在searchable.xml](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/search/searchable-config.html)文件，用[android:searchSuggestIntentData](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/search/searchable-config.html#searchSuggestIntentData)屬性。屬性被描述在[Handle Search Suggestions](http://developer.android.com/training/tv/discovery/searchable.html#suggestions)。 如果URI的第一部分是不同于表格的每一列，你填充[SUGGEST_COLUMN_INTENT_DATA](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/SearchManager.html#SUGGEST_COLUMN_INTENT_DATA)字段的值。當用戶選擇這個內容時，這個intent被啟動依據[SUGGEST_COLUMN_INTENT_DATA_ID](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/SearchManager.html#SUGGEST_COLUMN_INTENT_DATA_ID)的混合intent數據或者`android:searchSuggestIntentData`屬性和[SUGGEST_COLUMN_INTENT_DATA](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/SearchManager.html#SUGGEST_COLUMN_INTENT_DATA)字段值之一。 ### 提供搜索建議數據 實現一個[Content Provider](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/providers/content-providers.html)去返回搜索術語建議到安卓TV搜索框。系統需要你的內容容器提供建議，通過調用每次一個字母類型[query()](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/ContentProvider.html#query(android.net.Uri, java.lang.String[], java.lang.String, java.lang.String[], java.lang.String))方法。在[query()](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/ContentProvider.html#query(android.net.Uri, java.lang.String[], java.lang.String, java.lang.String[], java.lang.String))的實現中，你的內容容器搜索你的建議數據并且返回一個光標指向你已經指定的建議列。 ~~~ @Override public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) { // Use the UriMatcher to see what kind of query we have and format the db query accordingly switch (URI_MATCHER.match(uri)) { case SEARCH_SUGGEST: Log.d(TAG, "search suggest: " + selectionArgs[0] + " URI: " + uri); if (selectionArgs == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "selectionArgs must be provided for the Uri: " + uri); } return getSuggestions(selectionArgs[0]); default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown Uri: " + uri); } } private Cursor getSuggestions(String query) { query = query.toLowerCase(); String[] columns = new String[]{ BaseColumns._ID, VideoDatabase.KEY_NAME, VideoDatabase.KEY_DESCRIPTION, VideoDatabase.KEY_ICON, VideoDatabase.KEY_DATA_TYPE, VideoDatabase.KEY_IS_LIVE, VideoDatabase.KEY_VIDEO_WIDTH, VideoDatabase.KEY_VIDEO_HEIGHT, VideoDatabase.KEY_AUDIO_CHANNEL_CONFIG, VideoDatabase.KEY_PURCHASE_PRICE, VideoDatabase.KEY_RENTAL_PRICE, VideoDatabase.KEY_RATING_STYLE, VideoDatabase.KEY_RATING_SCORE, VideoDatabase.KEY_PRODUCTION_YEAR, VideoDatabase.KEY_COLUMN_DURATION, VideoDatabase.KEY_ACTION, SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_INTENT_DATA_ID }; return mVideoDatabase.getWordMatch(query, columns); } ... ~~~ 在你的manifest文件中，內容容器接受特殊處理。相比被標記為一個[activity](# "An activity represents a single screen with a user interface.")，它是被描述為[[provider](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/provider-element.html)](#)。provider包括`android:searchSuggestAuthority`屬性去告訴系統你的內容容器的名字空間。并且，你必須設置它的`android:exported`屬性為`"true"`，這樣安卓全局搜索能用它返回的搜索結果。 ~~~ <provider android:name="com.example.android.tvleanback.VideoContentProvider" android:authorities="com.example.android.tvleanback" android:exported="true" /> ~~~ ### 處理搜索建議 你的應用必須包括[res/xml/searchable.xml](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/search/searchable-config.html)文件去配置搜索建議設置。它包括[android:searchSuggestAuthority](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/search/searchable-config.html#searchSuggestAuthority)屬性去告訴系統內容容器的名字空間。這必須匹配在`AndroidManifest.xml`文件的[[provider](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/provider-element.html)](#)元素的[android:authorities](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/provider-element.html#auth) 屬性的字符串值。 [searchable.xml](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/search/searchable-config.html)文件必須也包含在`"android.intent.action.VIEW"`的[android:searchSuggestIntentAction](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/search/searchable-config.html#searchSuggestIntentAction)值去定義提供自定義建議的intent action。這與提供一個搜索術語的intent action不同，下面解釋。查看[Declaring the intent action](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/search/adding-custom-suggestions.html#IntentAction) 用另一種方式去定義建議的intent action。 同intent action一起，你的應用必須提供你定義的[android:searchSuggestIntentData](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/search/searchable-config.html#searchSuggestIntentData)屬性的intent數據。這是指向內容的URI的第一部分。它描述在填充的內容表格中URI所有共同列的部分。URI的獨一無二的部分用 [SUGGEST_COLUMN_INTENT_DATA_ID](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/SearchManager.html#SUGGEST_COLUMN_INTENT_DATA_ID)字段建立每一列，以上被描述在[識別列](http://developer.android.com/training/tv/discovery/searchable.html#columns)。查看[Declaring the intent data](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/search/adding-custom-suggestions.html#IntentData)用另一種方式去定義建議的intent數據。 并且，注意`android:searchSuggestSelection="?"`屬性為特定的值。這個值作為[query()](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/ContentProvider.html#query(android.net.Uri, java.lang.String[], java.lang.String, java.lang.String[], java.lang.String))方法`selection`參數。方法的問題標記(?)值被代替為請求文本。 最后，你也必須包含[android:includeInGlobalSearch](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/search/searchable-config.html#includeInGlobalSearch)屬性值為`"true"`。這是一個[searchable.xml](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/search/searchable-config.html)文件的例子： ~~~ <searchable xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:label="@string/search_label" android:hint="@string/search_hint" android:searchSettingsDescription="@string/settings_description" android:searchSuggestAuthority="com.example.android.tvleanback" android:searchSuggestIntentAction="android.intent.action.VIEW" android:searchSuggestIntentData="content://com.example.android.tvleanback/video_database_leanback" android:searchSuggestSelection=" ?" android:searchSuggestThreshold="1" android:includeInGlobalSearch="true" > </searchable> ~~~ ### 處理搜索術語 一旦搜索框有一個字匹配到了應用列中的一個（被描述在上文的[識別列](http://developer.android.com/training/tv/discovery/searchable.html#identifying)），系統啟動[ACTION_SEARCH](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/Intent.html#ACTION_SEARCH) intent。你應用的[activity](# "An activity represents a single screen with a user interface.")處理intent搜索列的給定的字段資源，并且返回一個那些內容項的列表。在你的`AndroidManifest.xml`文件中，你指定的[activity](# "An activity represents a single screen with a user interface.")處理[ACTION_SEARCH](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/Intent.html#ACTION_SEARCH) intent，像這樣： ~~~ ... <activity android:name="com.example.android.tvleanback.DetailsActivity" android:exported="true"> <!-- Receives the search request. --> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.SEARCH" /> <!-- No category needed, because the Intent will specify this class component --> </intent-filter> <!-- Points to searchable meta data. --> <meta-data android:name="android.app.searchable" android:resource="@xml/searchable" /> </activity> ... <!-- Provides search suggestions for keywords against video meta data. --> <provider android:name="com.example.android.tvleanback.VideoContentProvider" android:authorities="com.example.android.tvleanback" android:exported="true" /> ... ~~~ [activity](# "An activity represents a single screen with a user interface.")必須參考[searchable.xml](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/search/searchable-config.html)文件描述可搜索的設置。用[全局搜索框](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/search/search-dialog.html)，manifest必須描述[activity](# "An activity represents a single screen with a user interface.")應該收到的搜索請求。manifest必須描述[[provider](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/provider-element.html)](#)元素，詳細被描述在[searchable.xml](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/search/searchable-config.html)文件。 ### 深鏈接到應用的詳情頁 如果你有設置[處理搜索建議](http://developer.android.com/training/tv/discovery/searchable.html#suggestions)描述的搜索配置和填充 [SUGGEST_COLUMN_TEXT_1](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/SearchManager.html#SUGGEST_COLUMN_TEXT_1)，[SUGGEST_COLUMN_CONTENT_TYPE](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/SearchManager.html#SUGGEST_COLUMN_CONTENT_TYPE)和[SUGGEST_COLUMN_PRODUCTION_YEAR](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/SearchManager.html#SUGGEST_COLUMN_PRODUCTION_YEAR)字段到[識別列](http://developer.android.com/training/tv/discovery/searchable.html#columns)，一個[深鏈接](http://developer.android.com/training/app-indexing/deep-linking.html)去查看詳情頁的內容。當用戶選擇一個搜索結果時，詳情頁將打開。如圖1。  **圖1** 詳情頁顯示一個深鏈接為Google(Leanback)的視頻代碼。Sintel: ? copyright Blender Foundation, www.sintel.org. 當用戶選擇你的應用鏈接，`“Available On”`按鈕被標識在詳情頁，系統啟動[activity](# "An activity represents a single screen with a user interface.")處理[ACTION_VIEW](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/Intent.html#ACTION_VIEW)（在[searchable.xml](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/search/searchable-config.html#searchSuggestIntentAction)文件設置[android:searchSuggestIntentAction](http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/search/searchable-config.html#searchSuggestIntentAction)值為`"android.intent.action.VIEW"`）。 你也能設置用戶intent去啟動你的[activity](# "An activity represents a single screen with a user interface.")，這個在[在安卓Leanback示例代碼應用](https://github.com/googlesamples/androidtv-Leanback)中演示。注意示例應用啟動它自己的`LeanbackDetailsFragment`去顯示被選擇媒體的詳情，但是你應該啟動[activity](# "An activity represents a single screen with a user interface.")去播放媒體。立即去保存用戶的另一次或兩次點擊。 [下一節: 使TV應用是可被搜索的](#)