# 布局管理 > 原文： [http://zetcode.com/gui/vbwinforms/layout/](http://zetcode.com/gui/vbwinforms/layout/) Mono Winforms 教程繼續進行控件的布局管理。 在將控件放置在其父容器上之后，我們必須確保它們的布局正確。 ## `Anchor` 控件的`Anchor`屬性確定如何使用其父控件調整其大小。 錨是海洋世界中的一個術語。 當船錨掉入水中時，船就固定在某個地方。 Winforms 控件也是如此。 Winforms 中的每個控件都可以具有以下`AnchorStyles`值之一： * `TOP` * `LEFT` * `RIGHT` * `BOTTOM` 注意，控件不限于一個值。 他們可以使用`|`取這些值的任何組合。 運算符。 ## 基本`Anchor`示例 下面的示例顯示一個非常基本的示例，演示`Anchor`屬性。 ```vb ' ZetCode Mono Visual Basic Winforms tutorial ' ' This program demonstrates the Anchor property ' ' author jan bodnar ' last modified May 2009 ' website www.zetcode.com Imports System.Windows.Forms Imports System.Drawing Public Class WinVBApp Inherits Form Public Sub New Me.Text = "Check menu item" Me.Size = New Size(380, 220) Me.InitUI Me.CenterToScreen End Sub Private Sub InitUI Me.Text = "Anchor" Size = New Size(210, 210) Dim btn1 As New Button btn1.Text = "Button" btn1.Parent = Me btn1.Location = New Point(30, 30) Dim btn2 As New Button btn2.Text = "Button" btn2.Parent = Me btn2.Location = New Point(30, 80) btn2.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Right Me.CenterToScreen End Sub Public Shared Sub Main Application.Run(New WinVBApp) End Sub End Class ``` 這是一個非常基本的代碼示例，清楚地顯示了`Anchor`屬性的含義。 我們在表單上有兩個按鈕。 第一個按鈕具有默認的`AnchorStyles`值，即`AnchorStyles.Left`。 第二個按鈕已顯式設置`AnchorStyles.Right`。 ```vb btn2.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Right ``` 我們將第二個按鈕的`Anchor`屬性明確設置為`AnchorStyles`。 正確的值。 現在看看以下兩個圖像。 左邊的是開始時顯示的應用。 調整大小后，右側顯示相同的應用。 第一個按鈕與表單的左邊界和上邊界保持距離。 第二個按鈕與表單的右邊框保持距離。 但是它在垂直方向上沒有保持任何距離。   圖：調整大小前后 ## `Dock` `Dock`屬性允許我們將控件粘貼到父窗體或控件的特定邊緣。 以下是可能的`DockStyle`值。 * `TOP` * `LEFT` * `RIGHT` * `BOTTOM` * `FILL` * `NONE` ## 編輯器骨架 以下代碼示例演示了正在使用的`Dock`屬性。 ```vb ' ZetCode Mono Visual Basic Winforms tutorial ' ' This program demonstrates the Dock property ' ' author jan bodnar ' last modified May 2009 ' website www.zetcode.com Imports System.Windows.Forms Imports System.Drawing Public Class WinVBApp Inherits Form Public Sub New Me.Text = "Editor" Me.Size = New Size(220, 170) Me.InitUI Me.CenterToScreen End Sub Private Sub InitUI Dim mainMenu As New MainMenu Dim file As MenuItem = mainMenu.MenuItems.Add("&File") file.MenuItems.Add(New MenuItem("E&xit", _ New EventHandler(AddressOf Me.OnExit), Shortcut.CtrlX)) Menu = mainMenu Dim tb As New TextBox tb.Parent = Me tb.Dock = DockStyle.Fill tb.Multiline = True Dim sb As New StatusBar sb.Parent = Me sb.Text = "Ready" End Sub Private Sub OnExit(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) Me.Close End Sub Public Shared Sub Main Application.Run(New WinVBApp) End Sub End Class ``` 我們顯示一個菜單欄和一個狀態欄。 其余區域由`TextBox`控件占用。 ```vb Dim tb As New TextBox tb.Parent = Me ``` 在這里，我們創建`TextBox`控件。 `Form`容器被設置為文本框的父級。 ```vb tb.Dock = DockStyle.Fill ``` 此代碼行使`TextBox`控件占用了表單容器內的剩余空間。  圖：編輯器骨架 ## 固定按鈕 下一個示例顯示了位于窗體右下角的兩個按鈕。 ```vb ' ZetCode Mono Visual Basic Winforms tutorial ' ' This program positions two buttons ' in the bottom right corner of ' the window ' ' author jan bodnar ' last modified May 2009 ' website www.zetcode.com Imports System.Windows.Forms Imports System.Drawing Public Class WinVBApp Inherits Form Private Const WIDTH = 250 Private Const HEIGHT = 150 Private Const BUTTONS_SPACE = 15 Private Const PANEL_SPACE = 8 Private Const CLOSE_SPACE = 10 Public Sub New Me.Text = "Buttons" Me.Size = New Size(WIDTH, HEIGHT) Me.InitUI Me.CenterToScreen End Sub Private Sub InitUI Dim ok As New Button Dim panelHeight As New Integer = ok.Height + PANEL_SPACE Dim panel As New Panel panel.Height = panelHeight panel.Dock = DockStyle.Bottom panel.Parent = Me Dim x As Integer = ok.Width * 2 + BUTTONS_SPACE Dim y As Integer = (panelHeight - ok.Height) / 2 ok.Text = "Ok" ok.Parent = panel ok.Location = New Point(WIDTH-x, y) ok.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Right Dim close As New Button x = close.Width close.Text = "Close" close.Parent = panel close.Location = New Point(WIDTH-x-CLOSE_SPACE, y) close.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Right End Sub Private Sub OnExit(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) Me.Close End Sub Public Shared Sub Main Application.Run(New WinVBApp) End Sub End Class ``` 該示例在對話框的右下角顯示確定，關閉按鈕，這在對話框窗口中很常見。 ```vb Private Const WIDTH = 250 Private Const HEIGHT = 150 ``` `WIDTH`和`HEIGHT`變量確定應用窗口的寬度和高度。 ```vb Private Const BUTTONS_SPACE = 15 Private Const PANEL_SPACE = 8 Private Const CLOSE_SPACE = 10 ``` `BUTTONS_SPACE`是“確定”和“關閉”按鈕之間的空間。 `PANEL_SPACE`是面板和表單底部之間的空間。 最后，`CLOSE_SPACE`變量設置“關閉”按鈕和表單右邊框之間的間隔。 ```vb Dim panelHeight As New Integer = ok.Height + PANEL_SPACE ``` 在這里，我們計算面板的高度。 面板的高度基于“確定”按鈕的高度。 并且我們添加了一些額外的空間，以使按鈕不會太靠近邊框。 ```vb Dim panel As New Panel panel.Height = panelHeight panel.Dock = DockStyle.Bottom panel.Parent = Me ``` 在這里，我們創建和管理`Panel`控件。 在此示例中，它用作按鈕的容器。 它被粘貼到表單的底部邊框。 然后將按鈕放置在面板內。 ```vb ok.Text = "Ok" ok.Parent = panel ok.Location = New Point(WIDTH-x, y) ok.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Right ``` “確定”按鈕的父級設置為面板控件。 計算位置。 并且`Anchor`屬性設置為右側。 另一個按鈕的創建類似。  圖：固定按鈕 ## 播放器骨架 本部分最后的示例顯示了一個更復雜的示例。 它是音樂播放器的骨架。 ```vb ' ZetCode Mono Visual Basic Winforms tutorial ' ' This program creates a skeleton of ' a music player. ' ' author jan bodnar ' last modified June 2009 ' website www.zetcode.com Imports System.Windows.Forms Imports System.Drawing Public Class WinVBApp Inherits Form Public Sub New Me.Text = "Player" Me.Size = New Size(350, 280) Me.InitUI Me.CenterToScreen End Sub Private Sub InitUI Dim mainMenu As New MainMenu Dim file As MenuItem = mainMenu.MenuItems.Add("&File") Dim playm As MenuItem = mainMenu.MenuItems.Add("&Play") Dim view As MenuItem = mainMenu.MenuItems.Add("&View") Dim tools As MenuItem = mainMenu.MenuItems.Add("&Tools") Dim favourites As MenuItem = mainMenu.MenuItems.Add("&Favourites") Dim help As MenuItem = mainMenu.MenuItems.Add("&Help") file.MenuItems.Add(New MenuItem("E&xit", _ New EventHandler(AddressOf Me.OnExit), Shortcut.CtrlX)) Menu = mainMenu Dim panel As New Panel panel.Parent = Me panel.BackColor = Color.Black panel.Dock = DockStyle.Fill Dim buttonPanel As New Panel buttonPanel.Parent = Me buttonPanel.Height = 40 buttonPanel.Dock = DockStyle.Bottom Dim pause As New Button pause.FlatStyle = FlatStyle.Popup pause.Parent = buttonPanel pause.Location = New Point(5, 10) pause.Size = New Size(25, 25) pause.Image = New Bitmap("pause.png") Dim play As New Button play.FlatStyle = FlatStyle.Popup play.Parent = buttonPanel play.Location = New Point(35, 10) play.Size = New Size(25, 25) play.Image = New Bitmap("play.png") Dim forward As New Button forward.FlatStyle = FlatStyle.Popup forward.Parent = buttonPanel forward.Location = New Point(80, 10) forward.Size = New Size(25, 25) forward.Image = New Bitmap("forward.png") Dim backward As New Button backward.FlatStyle = FlatStyle.Popup backward.Parent = buttonPanel backward.Location = New Point(110, 10) backward.Size = New Size(25, 25) backward.Image = New Bitmap("backward.png") Dim tb As = New TrackBar tb.Parent = buttonPanel tb.TickStyle = TickStyle.None tb.Size = New Size(150, 25) tb.Location = New Point(200, 10) tb.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Right Dim audio As New Button audio.FlatStyle = FlatStyle.Popup audio.Parent = buttonPanel audio.Size = New Size(25, 25) audio.Image = New Bitmap("audio.png") audio.Location = New Point(170, 10) audio.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Right Dim sb As New StatusBar sb.Parent = Me sb.Text = "Ready" Me.CenterToScreen End Sub Private Sub OnExit(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) Me.Close End Sub Public Shared Sub Main Application.Run(New WinVBApp) End Sub End Class ``` 這是一個更復雜的示例，它同時顯示了`Dock`和`Anchor`屬性。 ```vb Dim mainMenu As New MainMenu Dim file As MenuItem = mainMenu.MenuItems.Add("&File") ... Menu = mainMenu ``` 在這里，我們創建菜單欄。 ```vb Dim panel As New Panel panel.Parent = Me panel.BackColor = Color.Black panel.Dock = DockStyle.Fill ``` 這是黑色的面板，占據了菜單欄，狀態欄和控制面板剩余的所有剩余空間。 ```vb Dim buttonPanel As New Panel buttonPanel.Parent = Me buttonPanel.Height = 40 buttonPanel.Dock = DockStyle.Bottom ``` 這是控制面板。 它的父級是表單容器。 它被粘貼到表格的底部。 高度為 40 像素。 在此控制面板內部，我們放置了所有按鈕和軌跡儀。 ```vb Dim pause As New Button pause.FlatStyle = FlatStyle.Popup pause.Parent = buttonPanel pause.Location = New Point(5, 10) pause.Size = New Size(25, 25) pause.Image = New Bitmap("pause.png") ``` 暫停按鈕是具有默認`Anchor`屬性值的四個按鈕之一。 該按鈕的樣式設置為平面，因為它看起來更好。 我們在按鈕上放置一個位圖。 ```vb tb.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Right ... audio.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Right ``` 最后兩個控件固定在右側。  圖：播放器骨架 Mono Visual Basic Winforms 教程的這一部分是關于控件的布局管理的。 我們實踐了 Winforms 庫提供的各種可能性。