PHP Carbon 教程 · ZetCode 中文系列教程

# PHP Carbon 教程 > 原文： [https://zetcode.com/php/carbon/](https://zetcode.com/php/carbon/) PHP Carbon 教程展示了如何在帶有 Carbon 包的 PHP 中使用日期和時間。我們使用`nesbot/carbon`包。 ## PHP Carbon Carbon 是一個 PHP 日期時間庫。它是 PHP `DateTime`類的擴展。 ## PHP Carbon 設置該包隨 composer 一起安裝。 ```php $ composer req nesbot/carbon ``` 我們安裝`nesbot/carbon`包。 ## 今天的日期以下示例顯示如何獲取今天的日期。 `today.php` ```php <?php require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php'; use Carbon\Carbon; $now = Carbon::now(); echo "$now\n"; $today = Carbon::today(); echo "$today\n"; ``` `Carbon::now()`返回當前日期和時間，`Carbon:today()`返回當前日期。 ```php $ php today.php 2019-05-07 10:20:54 2019-05-07 00:00:00 ``` 這是一個示例輸出。 `Carbon::yesterday()`為昨天創建一個 Carbon 實例，為明天創建`Carbon::tomorrow()`。 `yes_tom.php` ```php <?php require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php'; use Carbon\Carbon; $yes = Carbon::yesterday(); echo "Yesterday: $yes\n"; $tom = Carbon::tomorrow(); echo "Tomorrow: $tom\n"; ``` 該示例顯示了昨天和明天的日期。 ## Carbon 來創建 Carbon 實例可以使用幾種創建方法來創建。 `create.php` ```php <?php require __DIR__ . "/vendor/autoload.php"; use Carbon\Carbon; $d1 = Carbon::create(2018, 8, 25, 22, 48, 00); echo $d1 . "\n"; $d2 = Carbon::create(2018, 8, 25, 22, 48, 00, 'Europe/Moscow'); echo $d2 . "\n"; $d3 = Carbon::createFromDate(2018, 8, 14, 'America/Chicago'); echo $d3 . "\n"; $d4 = Carbon::createFromTimestamp(1); echo $d4 . "\n"; ``` 該示例使用四種不同的方法創建 Carbon 實例。 ```php $d1 = Carbon::create(2018, 8, 25, 22, 48, 00); ``` `create()`方法根據日期和時間部分生成一個 Carbon 實例。 ```php $d2 = Carbon::create(2018, 8, 25, 22, 48, 00, 'Europe/Moscow'); ``` 在第二個示例中，我們還提供了一個時區。 ```php $d3 = Carbon::createFromDate(2018, 8, 14, 'America/Chicago'); ``` 使用`createFromDate()`，我們創建一個帶有日期部分的 Carbon 實例。 ```php $d4 = Carbon::createFromTimestamp(1); ``` `createFromTimestamp()`從 Unix 時間創建一個 Carbon 實例。 ```php $ php create.php 2018-08-25 22:48:00 2018-08-25 22:48:00 2018-08-14 03:33:16 1970-01-01 01:00:01 ``` This is a sample output. ## Carbon 相對修飾符碳實例可以通過相對修飾符來創建，例如下一個星期五或一年之前。 `relative_modifiers.php` ```php <?php require __DIR__ . "/vendor/autoload.php"; use Carbon\Carbon; echo new Carbon('tomorrow') . "\n"; echo new Carbon('yesterday') . "\n"; echo new Carbon('next wednesday') . "\n"; echo new Carbon('last friday') . "\n"; echo new Carbon('this saturday') . "\n"; echo new Carbon('1 year ago') . "\n"; ``` 該示例使用幾個修飾符創建 Carbon 實例。 ```php $ php relative_modifiers.php 2019-05-08 00:00:00 2019-05-06 00:00:00 2019-05-08 00:00:00 2019-05-03 00:00:00 2019-05-11 00:00:00 2018-05-07 11:53:03 ``` This is a sample output. ## Carbon `next()`和`previous()` `next()`和`previous()`方法給出一周中給定日期的下一個/上一個出現。 `next_previous.php` ```php <?php require __DIR__ . "/vendor/autoload.php"; use Carbon\Carbon; $now = Carbon::now(); echo "$now\n"; $next_monday = $now->next(Carbon::MONDAY); echo "Next monday: $next_monday\n"; $prev_monday = $now->previous(Carbon::MONDAY); echo "Previous monday: $prev_monday\n"; ``` 該示例顯示了下一個和上一個星期一。 ```php $ php next_previous.php 2019-05-07 11:34:32 Next monday: 2019-05-13 00:00:00 Previous monday: 2019-05-06 00:00:00 ``` This is a sample output. ## Carbon 日期時間 Carbon 日期時間包括年，月，日或小時。 `parts.php` ```php <?php require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php'; use Carbon\Carbon; $now = Carbon::now(); echo $now->year . "\n"; echo $now->month . "\n"; echo $now->day . "\n"; echo $now->hour . "\n"; echo $now->second . "\n"; echo $now->dayOfWeek . "\n"; echo $now->dayOfYear . "\n"; echo $now->weekOfMonth . "\n"; echo $now->daysInMonth . "\n"; ``` 該示例顯示 Carbon 日期時間實例的各個部分。 ```php $ php parts.php 2019 5 7 10 31 2 126 1 31 ``` This is a sample output. ## Carbon 流式 API Carbon 還提供了方便的流式 API 來處理日期時間。 `fluent_api.php` ```php <?php require __DIR__ . "/vendor/autoload.php"; use Carbon\Carbon; $dt = Carbon::create(); $dt->year(2019)->month(5)->day(6)->hour(16)->minute(12)->second(53); echo $dt . "\n"; $dt2 = Carbon::create(); $dt2->setDate(2019, 5, 6)->setTime(16, 12, 53); echo $dt2 . "\n"; $dt3 = Carbon::create(); $dt3->setDate(2019, 5, 6)->setTime(16, 12, 53); echo $dt3 . "\n"; ``` 該示例使用流暢的 API 創建了三個 Carbon 實例。 ```php $ php fluent_api.php 2019-05-06 16:12:53 2019-05-06 16:12:53 2019-05-06 16:12:53 ``` 這是輸出。 ## Carbon 修改方法 Carbon 修改方法修改實例。我們可以使用`copy()`方法來處理副本。 `copy_method.php` ```php <?php require __DIR__ . "/vendor/autoload.php"; use Carbon\Carbon; echo "Tomorrow: " . Carbon::tomorrow() . "\n"; echo "*************************\n"; $dt = new Carbon('tomorrow'); echo $dt->subDay() . "\n"; echo $dt . "\n"; echo "*************************\n"; $dt2 = new Carbon('tomorrow'); echo $dt2->copy()->subDay() . "\n"; echo $dt2 . "\n"; ``` 該示例介紹了`copy()`方法。 ```php $ php copy_method.php Tomorrow: 2019-05-08 00:00:00 ************************* 2019-05-07 00:00:00 2019-05-07 00:00:00 ************************* 2019-05-07 00:00:00 2019-05-08 00:00:00 ``` 在第二種情況下，原始實例是完整的。 ## 碳加減法碳提供了兩種不同的方法來輕松增加和減少時間。 `add_sub.php` ```php <?php require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php'; use Carbon\Carbon; $now = Carbon::now(); echo "$now\n"; $d1 = $now->copy()->addDays(3); echo "$d1\n"; $d2 = $now->copy()->addHours(12); echo "$d2\n"; $d3 = $now->copy()->subDays(3); echo "$d3\n"; $d4 = $now->copy()->subHours(12); echo "$d4\n"; ``` 該示例介紹了`addDays()`，`addHours()`，`subDays()`和`subHours()`方法。 ```php $ php add_sub.php 2019-05-07 12:27:22 2019-05-10 12:27:22 2019-05-08 00:27:22 2019-05-04 12:27:22 2019-05-07 00:27:22 ``` This is a sample output. 下面的示例顯示其他加法和減法。 `add_sub.php` ```php <?php require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php'; use Carbon\Carbon; $now = Carbon::now(); $d1 = $now->copy()->addCenturies(2); echo $d1->toDateString() . "\n"; $d2 = $now->copy()->subCenturies(2); echo $d2->toDateString() . "\n"; $d3 = $now->copy()->addYears(2); echo $d3->toDateString() . "\n"; $d4 = $now->copy()->subYears(2); echo $d4->toDateString() . "\n"; $d5 = $now->copy()->addMonths(2); echo $d5->toDateString() . "\n"; $d6 = $now->copy()->subMonths(2); echo $d6->toDateString() . "\n"; ``` 我們顯示`addCenturies()`，`subCenturies()`，`addYears()`，`subYears()`，`addMonths()`和`subMonths()`。 ```php $ php add_sub2.php 2219-05-07 1819-05-07 2021-05-07 2017-05-07 2019-07-07 2019-03-07 ``` This is a sample output. ## Carbon 格式化日期時間 Carbon 提供了幾種格式化日期時間的方法。 `formatting.php` ```php <?php require __DIR__ . "/vendor/autoload.php"; use Carbon\Carbon; $dt = Carbon::now(); echo $dt . "\n"; echo $dt->toDateTimeString(). "\n"; echo "******************************\n"; echo $dt->toDateString(). "\n"; echo $dt->toFormattedDateString(). "\n"; echo $dt->toTimeString(). "\n"; echo $dt->toDayDateTimeString(). "\n"; echo "******************************\n"; echo $dt->format('Y-m-d h:i:s A'). "\n"; ``` 該示例提供了基本的格式化方法。我們還可以使用`format()`生成自定義格式。 ```php $ php formatting.php 2019-05-07 10:36:09 2019-05-07 10:36:09 ****************************** 2019-05-07 May 7, 2019 10:36:09 Tue, May 7, 2019 10:36 AM ****************************** 2019-05-07 10:36:09 AM ``` This is a sample output. 下面的示例顯示其他常見的 Carbon 日期時間格式化方法。 `common_formats.php` ```php <?php require __DIR__ . "/vendor/autoload.php"; use Carbon\Carbon; $dt = Carbon::createFromFormat('Y-m-d H:i:s.u', '2019-05-06 16:45:00.613484'); echo $dt->toAtomString() . "\n"; echo $dt->toCookieString() . "\n"; echo $dt->toIso8601String() . "\n"; echo $dt->toIso8601ZuluString() . "\n"; echo $dt->toRfc822String() . "\n"; echo $dt->toRfc850String() . "\n"; echo $dt->toRfc1036String() . "\n"; echo $dt->toRfc1123String() . "\n"; echo $dt->toRfc3339String() . "\n"; echo $dt->toRfc7231String() . "\n"; echo $dt->toRssString() . "\n"; echo $dt->toW3cString() . "\n"; ``` 該示例介紹了其他十二種方法。 ```php $ php common_formats.php 2019-05-06T16:45:00+02:00 Monday, 06-May-2019 16:45:00 CEST 2019-05-06T16:45:00+02:00 2019-05-06T14:45:00Z Mon, 06 May 19 16:45:00 +0200 Monday, 06-May-19 16:45:00 CEST Mon, 06 May 19 16:45:00 +0200 Mon, 06 May 2019 16:45:00 +0200 2019-05-06T16:45:00+02:00 Mon, 06 May 2019 14:45:00 GMT Mon, 06 May 2019 16:45:00 +0200 2019-05-06T16:45:00+02:00 ``` This is the output. ## Carbon 比較日期時間 Carbon 具有比較日期時間的方法，例如`eq()`和`gt()`。 `comparing.php` ```php <?php require __DIR__ . "/vendor/autoload.php"; use Carbon\Carbon; $first = Carbon::create(2019, 5, 5, 22, 20, 1); $second = Carbon::create(2019, 5, 5, 20, 20, 1); echo $first . "\n"; echo $second . "\n"; var_dump($first->eq($second)); var_dump($first->ne($second)); var_dump($first->gt($second)); var_dump($first->gte($second)); var_dump($first->lt($second)); var_dump($first->lte($second)); ``` 該示例比較兩個日期時間值。 ```php $ php comparison.php 2019-05-05 22:20:01 2019-05-05 20:20:01 bool(false) bool(true) bool(true) bool(true) bool(false) bool(false) ``` This is the output. ## Carbon UTC 協調世界時（UTC）是世界各地用來調節時鐘和時間的主要時間標準。 `utc.php` ```php <?php require __DIR__ . "/vendor/autoload.php"; use Carbon\Carbon; $now = Carbon::now(); echo "$now\n"; isUtc($now); echo "Offset hours: {$now->offsetHours}\n"; echo "******************************\n"; $now->tz('UTC'); echo "$now\n"; isUtc($now); function isUtc($now): void { if ($now->utc) { echo "Datetime is in UTC\n"; } else { echo "Datetime is not in UTC\n"; } } ``` 該示例計算 UTC 時間（以小時為單位的偏移量），并確定日期時間是否為 UTC 時間。 ```php $ php utc.php 2019-05-07 11:14:18 Datetime is not in UTC Offset hours: 2 ****************************** 2019-05-07 09:14:18 Datetime is in UTC ``` This is a sample output. ## Carbon 人性化日期時間差異應用通常以所謂的人性化格式顯示日期時間差異。例如在一年或三分鐘前。 `humanized.php` ```php <?php require __DIR__ . "/vendor/autoload.php"; use Carbon\Carbon; echo Carbon::now()->addYear()->diffForHumans() . "\n"; Carbon::setLocale('de'); echo Carbon::now()->addYear()->diffForHumans() . "\n"; Carbon::setLocale('sk'); echo Carbon::now()->addYear()->diffForHumans() . "\n"; ``` 該示例顯示了三種語言環境中的日期時間差異。 ```php $ php humanize.php 1 year from now in 1 Jahr za rok ``` This is the output. ## Carbon 修飾符修飾符方法對當前實例執行有用的修改。他們可以檢索周，月或年的開始/結束。 `modifiers.php` ```php <?php require __DIR__ . "/vendor/autoload.php"; use Carbon\Carbon; echo "Start/End of day\n"; $dt = Carbon::create(2019, 5, 6, 12, 0, 0); echo $dt->copy()->startOfDay() . "\n"; echo $dt->copy()->endOfDay() . "\n"; echo "\nStart/End of month\n"; echo $dt->copy()->startOfMonth() . "\n"; echo $dt->copy()->endOfMonth() . "\n"; echo "\nStart/End of year\n"; echo $dt->copy()->startOfYear() . "\n"; echo $dt->copy()->endOfYear() . "\n"; echo "\nStart/End of decade\n"; echo $dt->copy()->startOfDecade() . "\n"; echo $dt->copy()->endOfDecade() . "\n"; echo "\nStart/End of century\n"; echo $dt->copy()->startOfCentury() . "\n"; echo $dt->copy()->endOfCentury() . "\n"; ``` 該示例提出了幾個修飾符。 ```php $ php modifiers.php Start/End of day 2019-05-06 00:00:00 2019-05-06 23:59:59 Start/End of month 2019-05-01 00:00:00 2019-05-31 23:59:59 Start/End of year 2019-01-01 00:00:00 2019-12-31 23:59:59 Start/End of decade 2010-01-01 00:00:00 2019-12-31 23:59:59 Start/End of century 2001-01-01 00:00:00 2100-12-31 23:59:59 ``` This is a sample output. 在本教程中，我們使用 PHP Carbon 來處理日期和時間。您可能也對以下相關教程感興趣： [PHP PDO 教程](/php/pdo/)， [Twig 教程](/php/twig/)和 [PHP 教程](/lang/php/)，或列出[所有 PHP 教程](/all/#php) ]。