<ruby id="bdb3f"></ruby>

    <p id="bdb3f"><cite id="bdb3f"></cite></p>

      <p id="bdb3f"><cite id="bdb3f"><th id="bdb3f"></th></cite></p><p id="bdb3f"></p>
        <p id="bdb3f"><cite id="bdb3f"></cite></p>

          <pre id="bdb3f"></pre>
          <pre id="bdb3f"><del id="bdb3f"><thead id="bdb3f"></thead></del></pre>

          <ruby id="bdb3f"><mark id="bdb3f"></mark></ruby><ruby id="bdb3f"></ruby>
          <pre id="bdb3f"><pre id="bdb3f"><mark id="bdb3f"></mark></pre></pre><output id="bdb3f"></output><p id="bdb3f"></p><p id="bdb3f"></p>

          <pre id="bdb3f"><del id="bdb3f"><progress id="bdb3f"></progress></del></pre>

                <ruby id="bdb3f"></ruby>

                ThinkChat2.0新版上線,更智能更精彩,支持會話、畫圖、視頻、閱讀、搜索等,送10W Token,即刻開啟你的AI之旅 廣告
                ## 13.2 收入不平等是否與仇恨犯罪有關? 現在我們了解了基尼指數,我們可以看看收入不平等與仇恨犯罪率之間的關系(見圖[13.2](#fig:hateCrimeGini))。 ```r hateCrimes <- hate_crimes %>% mutate(state_abb = state.abb[match(state,state.name)]) %>% drop_na(avg_hatecrimes_per_100k_fbi) hateCrimes$state_abb[hateCrimes$state=="District of Columbia"]='DC' ggplot(hateCrimes,aes(gini_index,avg_hatecrimes_per_100k_fbi,label=state_abb)) + geom_point() + geom_text(aes(label=state_abb),hjust=0, vjust=0) + theme(plot.title = element_text(size = 20, face = "bold")) + xlab('Gini index') + ylab('Avg hate crimes per 100K population (FBI)') + theme(plot.margin = unit(c(1,1,1,1), "cm")) ``` ![Plot of rates of hate crimes vs. Gini index.](https://img.kancloud.cn/25/3f/253ff856dfd9378b9898b76b8dcd1dd1_576x576.png) 圖 13.2 仇恨犯罪率與基尼指數的關系圖。 從數據來看,這兩個變量之間似乎有一個正的關系。我們如何量化這種關系?
                  <ruby id="bdb3f"></ruby>

                  <p id="bdb3f"><cite id="bdb3f"></cite></p>

                    <p id="bdb3f"><cite id="bdb3f"><th id="bdb3f"></th></cite></p><p id="bdb3f"></p>
                      <p id="bdb3f"><cite id="bdb3f"></cite></p>

                        <pre id="bdb3f"></pre>
                        <pre id="bdb3f"><del id="bdb3f"><thead id="bdb3f"></thead></del></pre>

                        <ruby id="bdb3f"><mark id="bdb3f"></mark></ruby><ruby id="bdb3f"></ruby>
                        <pre id="bdb3f"><pre id="bdb3f"><mark id="bdb3f"></mark></pre></pre><output id="bdb3f"></output><p id="bdb3f"></p><p id="bdb3f"></p>

                        <pre id="bdb3f"><del id="bdb3f"><progress id="bdb3f"></progress></del></pre>

                              <ruby id="bdb3f"></ruby>

                              哎呀哎呀视频在线观看