# Mark Zuckerberg at Startup School 2013 > `[00:00:00]` You know I came out here earlier and they didn\'t clap as loud. `[00:00:00]` 你知道我早些時候來的，他們沒有這么大聲鼓掌。 > So it\'s pretty obvious why they were clapping allowed this. 所以很明顯，他們鼓掌的原因是允許這樣做的。 > That was for you. 那是給你的。 > `[00:00:10]` All right. `[00:10:00]` 好的。 > I don\'t have any songs for you. 我沒有給你的歌。 > Laughter. 笑聲。 > Just a few minutes ago Jack was there playing a song. 就在幾分鐘前杰克在那里放了首歌。 > What\'s going on in here. 這里面到底是怎么回事。 > He can pull that off I can\'t. 他能做到我做不到。 > Maybe next year. 也許明年吧。 > `[00:00:24]` So I wanted I know it it\'s probably hard to remember what it was like way way back in the beginnings of Facebook. `[00:00:24]` 所以我想知道，很難回憶起 Facebook 開始的時候是什么樣子的。 > But that\'s where these guys are in the beginnings. 但這是這些人開始的地方。 > So I\'m going to ask you questions about the early years right. 所以我會問你關于早年的問題，對吧。 > Which also have the advantage that you don\'t have to worry about saying bad things as a public company because we\'re just talking about ancient history. 這也有一個好處，那就是你不必擔心作為一家上市公司會說壞話，因為我們只是在談論古老的歷史。 > Right. 右（邊），正確的 > So I wonder if you remember when you sat down to write Facebook during that reading period. 所以我想知道你是否還記得那一段時間你坐下來寫 Facebook 的事。 > What was the first thing you wrote like when you when you had enough code to test something to see if it worked. 當你有足夠的代碼來測試一些東西，看看它是否有效時，你寫的第一件事是什么？ > What was it. 是怎么回事。 > `[00:01:01]` What did you test. `[00:01:01]` 你測試了什么。 > I `[00:01:05]` don\'t remember then what that was the first thing was that I wrote but it actually the first code for Facebook started way before then or so I\'d like probably a lot of you guys just built a lot of stuff for myself all throughout my childhood I built games that I wanted to play. 我不記得了，那是我寫的第一件事，但實際上，Facebook 的第一段代碼在那之前就已經開始了，所以我希望你們中的很多人在我童年的時候就為自己做了很多東西，我想玩的游戲都是我自己做的。 > I built a music player that I wanted I tried to build stuff that that I really wanted for myself right now. 我制作了一個我想要的音樂播放器，我現在試著為自己做一些我真正想要的東西。 > I was young I was building very high quality stuff. 我年輕的時候，我在建造高質量的東西。 > It was just stuff that that I wanted not not for anyone else. 這只是我不想給別人的東西。 > And then when I got to college I started wanting to build products that would let me get insight into the community around me and let me connect with the people around me. 當我上大學的時候，我開始想制造產品，這樣我就能深入了解周圍的社區，并與周圍的人建立聯系。 > And that had the property that you can\'t actually just build something that only you use if you want to be able to connect with people around you. 它擁有這樣的特性：你不能只構建一些你想要與周圍的人建立聯系的東西。 > You have to start building software that other people are going to use as well. 你必須開始構建其他人也會使用的軟件。 > `[00:02:00]` So I actually mean like face mash. `[00:02:00]` 所以我的意思是像面糊一樣。 > `[00:02:03]` Well before that you know it\'s actually one of the it\'s that stupid movie makes everyone think that facemask was like it was this critical thing. `[00:02:03]` 在那之前，你知道它實際上是一部愚蠢的電影，它讓每個人都認為面具就像是一件很關鍵的事情。 > But actually a lot earlier than that in my sophomore year one of the first things that I built that was kind of like this was actually called Match. 但實際上比我大二的時候早得多，我建造的第一件東西之一，就像這個叫做“匹配”(Match)。 > I don\'t think we\'ve talked about this that much and I know most startups. 我不認為我們已經談了那么多，而且我知道大多數初創公司。 > `[00:02:23]` It was I was trying to figure out what classes I wanted to take my sophomore fall and I wanted to see what other people who had taken the c s classes that I\'d taken wanted to take and what my friends were planning on taking and what they had taken in the past. `[00:02:23]` 我想弄清楚我想上什么課程，我的大二，我想看看其他人誰上過 c‘s 課程，我想參加什么課程，我的朋友們打算上什么課，他們過去學過什么。 > But there was no database like that that was out there so I thought Alright well how can I do this. 但是沒有這樣的數據庫，所以我想，好吧，我該怎么做呢。 > So I went and I wrote this little script that scraped the course catalog and let people put in what classes they wanted and I called it the course graph. 所以我去寫了一個小腳本，它刮去了課程目錄，讓人們輸入他們想要的課程，我稱之為課程圖。 > And that was actually the first time. 這是第一次。 > Yeah I mean it was it was actually I made the mistake of running it running the website from a laptop in my dorm room and my desk was right next to the bathroom when there was like constantly steam pouring out of that from people showering so the laptop actually fried and I lost that one after a few weeks of running. 是的，我的意思是，實際上，我犯了一個錯誤：我在宿舍的筆記本電腦上運行網站，而我的辦公桌就在浴室旁邊，就像不斷有蒸汽從洗澡的人身上冒出來，所以筆記本電腦被燒壞了，幾個星期后我就把它弄丟了。 > But that was the first time that I\'d ever really set up a production Apache server. 但這是我第一次真正建立一個生產 Apache 服務器。 > My Sequel server or a lot of that stuff and then a lot of those those things you know then when I went on to build later stuff I had those lessons and I knew that I could set those things up quickly. 我的續集服務器，或者很多那些東西，然后你知道的很多東西，然后當我繼續構建以后的東西時，我得到了那些教訓，我知道我可以很快地設置這些東西。 > So those were just building blocks on top of which to build future things had people put their classes in it. 因此，這些只是建筑的積木，在上面建造未來的東西，讓人們把他們的類放在上面。 > `[00:03:31]` Did you use it. `[00:03:31]` 你用過它嗎？ > `[00:03:32]` Oh yeah yeah. `[00:03:32]` 哦，是的。 > No it was like 1000 or 2000 people out of was like 6000 people at Harvard. 不，在哈佛大約有 1000 人或 2000 人，而在哈佛大約有 6000 人。 > Yeah. 嗯 > Yeah. 嗯 > So it worked fine. 所以效果很好。 > It was actually really interesting. 其實真的很有趣。 > `[00:03:44]` People spend so much time just clicking through the links of people to see what classes they were in and then in the classes they clicked on people who were the roster of the people. `[00:03:44]` 人們花了那么多時間點擊人們的鏈接，看看他們在哪一類，然后在課堂上點擊那些人的名單。 > It was just it was I thought it was going to be interesting and I wanted to solve this problem. 只是我覺得這會很有趣，我想解決這個問題。 > But it was actually just way more compelling and you know part of my theory at the time was you know I looked at all the other types of content that were out there on the Internet. 但它實際上更有說服力，你知道，我當時的部分理論是，你知道，我看了互聯網上的所有其他類型的內容。 > It\'s like you could search for any Musiker news or content or reference material that you wanted. 這就像你可以搜索你想要的任何 Musiker 新聞、內容或參考資料。 > But part of my theory at the time was that people were really missing from the Internet. 但我當時的部分理論是，人們真的從互聯網上消失了。 > Right. 右（邊），正確的 > And there were no services like that. 沒有這樣的服務。 > And you know that\'s why I built some of these services that went in that direction but I still think people are largely missing from a lot of the software that we build which is why I\'m focused on building this development platform today as part of Facebook. 你知道，這就是為什么我建立了一些朝著這個方向發展的服務，但我仍然認為人們在很多我們開發的軟件中很大程度上是缺失的，這就是為什么我現在專注于把這個開發平臺作為 Facebook 的一部分來構建。 > That way the next generation of software that the industry builds can just be more human. 這樣，業界構建的下一代軟件就會更加人性化。 > `[00:04:33]` So every app that people build has this sort of additional dimension now where you can sort of see what other people are doing too. `[00:04:33]` 所以每個人構建的應用程序都有這樣一個額外的維度，你現在可以看到其他人也在做什么。 > We\'re trying to go in that direction. 我們正朝那個方向努力。 > So you knew by the time you started Facebook that if you made some website you could get thousands of people to show up to it. 所以，當你創建 Facebook 的時候，你就知道，如果你創建了某個網站，就會有成千上萬的人出現在你的網站上。 > `[00:04:48]` Well it was I didn\'t have a choice. `[00:04:48]` 嗯，我沒有選擇。 > I knew that if I wanted to do this that I had to build something that I could that would get people to use it. 我知道，如果我想這樣做，我必須建立一個我可以讓人們使用它的東西。 > I don\'t know if I could actually do that. 我不知道我是否真的能做到。 > `[00:04:57]` But it must have been a little bit surprising that thousands of people that are with resources on writers would show up for something that wasn\'t even intended to thousands and you probably do it again right. `[00:04:57]` 但是，有數千名作家資源的人會出現在一些甚至不是為數千人準備的事情上，這一定有點令人吃驚，而你很可能再次正確地這樣做了。 > `[00:05:08]` Well yeah. `[00:05:08]` 是的。 > And then I did a few more and I was really focused on this idea of channeling a community\'s energy to build some kind of shared asset whether it\'s you know the course graph or you know ultimately Facebook was a good example of this. 然后我做了更多，我真的專注于將社區的能量輸送到建立某種共享資產的想法上，不管是你知道課程圖還是你知道最終 Facebook 就是一個很好的例子。 > I mean one of my favorite stories from from college that I actually I think I\'ve told that Startup School before as I built the first version of Facebook during reading period which is basically this two or three week period that Harvard got off they still give this but they don\'t think they\'ve stopped talking. 我的意思是，我最喜歡的大學故事之一，我想我以前告訴過創業學校，因為我在閱讀期間創建了 Facebook 的第一個版本，這基本上是哈佛在這兩三個星期的時間里開始的，他們仍然給出了這個，但他們認為他們并沒有停止交談。 > Well you know both Microsoft and Facebook started during reading. 你知道，微軟和 Facebook 都是從閱讀開始的。 > So Harvard likes to canceling things that work. 所以哈佛喜歡取消那些有用的東西。 > `[00:05:46]` Laughter. `[00:05:46]` 笑聲。 > Laughter. 笑聲。 > `[00:05:49]` But so basically it\'s the period during January before your finals where you can ostensibly study for classes for your finals. `[00:05:49]` 但基本上是在一月份期末考試之前的一段時間里，你可以表面上為期末考試的課程學習。 > And I took that period to write the first version of Facebook. 我用這段時間寫了 Facebook 的第一個版本。 > I don\'t think I\'ve written any code for that project directly until really January. 我認為我沒有為那個項目直接寫任何代碼，直到真正的一月。 > And then by the end of January it\'s basically done with it. 到了 1 月底，它基本上就完成了。 > But then one day I woke up a couple of days before this final for this class that was taken called the Room of Agusta. 但是有一天，我在這門名為“阿古斯塔教室”的期末考試前幾天醒來。 > So is this some lyght in arts class. 這是藝術課的一部分嗎。 > And the class was all about learning the historical significance of a bunch of pieces of art that were there and for the final they were just going to show some pieces of art from the class and you had to write an essay on the significance of them and I hadn\'t really gone to class all term I just like programmed. 這堂課的全部內容是學習一堆藝術作品的歷史意義，在期末，他們將展示一些來自班上的藝術品，你必須寫一篇關于它們的重要性的文章，而我并沒有真正上過所有的學期，我只是喜歡編程。 > And then during reading period when I should\'ve been learning this I programmed and I\'m so pretty screwed right. 然后在閱讀期間，當我應該學習這個的時候，我編程了，我非常的糟糕。 > There\'s no way that I was going to cover all this material. 我不可能涵蓋所有這些材料。 > So I just went to the course Web site downloaded all the images and made a little Web site that basically would randomly show one of the images and would let you contribute your notes of what you thought was reasonable or what was important about that photo you see anyone else\'s taken by going to class what\'s up. 所以我去了課程網站，下載了所有的圖片，并制作了一個小網站，基本上可以隨意顯示其中的一張圖片，然后讓你把你認為合理的或者重要的照片的筆記交給你的人，你可以通過上課看到其他人所拍攝的照片。 > Yeah there\'s other people learn through hard work. 是的，還有其他人通過努力學習。 > `[00:07:04]` And I send this out to the course e-mail list is like Hey guys I built a study tool. `[00:07:04]` 我把這個發到課程電子郵件列表上，就像嘿，伙計們，我建立了一個學習工具。 > And within an hour the whole thing was just populated with all the information that we needed to take the class to take the final so I think I did pretty well in the final. 不到一個小時，整件事就被我們參加期末考試所需要的所有信息填滿了，所以我想我在決賽中做得很好。 > `[00:07:16]` I don\'t remember the exact grade but tell us about some real world system you have had to your advantage. `[00:07:16]` 我不記得確切的分數，但告訴我們一些真實世界的系統，你的優勢。 > What\'s up. 怎么\？ > That\'s an answer. 這是個答案。 > That\'s a question on the wise application form we actually ask for people having done a trick like that that would get our attention. 這是一個問題，在明智的申請表上，我們實際上要求的人，做了這樣的把戲，會引起我們的注意。 > Incidentally if you ever wanted to see. 順便說一句如果你想看的話。 > Laughter. 笑聲。 > `[00:07:38]` Laughter. `[00:07:38]` 笑聲。 > `[00:07:38]` Laughter Well it\'s funny you know the first couple times I met Mark after all this time evaluating startup founders. `[00:07:38]` 笑聲，嗯，很有趣，你知道我第一次見到馬克，在這么長時間之后，我都在評估初創公司的創始人。 > I can\'t turn it off so I\'m like the first couple times I met Mark. 我不能關掉它，所以我就像第一次見到馬克一樣。 > There would be this like prothese side process running in my head saying except him accepting him and I would have to say stop it it\'s too late. 會有這樣的事情發生在我的腦海中，除了他接受他，我不得不說停止，一切都太晚了。 > `[00:07:57]` Laughter. `[00:07:57]` 笑聲。 > Well now we get to work together on other things. 現在我們可以一起在其他事情上合作了。 > `[00:08:01]` Laughter. `[00:08:01]` 笑聲。 > All right. 好的 > No I love it. 不我喜歡。 > I love it. 我愛死它了。 > `[00:08:05]` So one of the things we talked about last year was how when you first launched Facebook the first other colleges you expanded to were ones that had competing services. `[00:08:05]` 去年我們討論過的事情之一是，當你第一次創建 Facebook 的時候，你擴展到的第一所大學是那些擁有競爭服務的大學。 > So I didn\'t ask you at the time but I wonder now why did you win. 所以我當時沒有問你，但現在我想知道你為什么贏了。 > `[00:08:20]` What was it that Facebook had that the competing services didn\'t I think it is just this focus on real identity and the connections between people. `[00:08:20]` Facebook 的競爭服務是什么？我不認為這只是關注真實身份和人與人之間的聯系。 > `[00:08:32]` It goes back to this theme where before Facebook on the Internet there were you could find a lot of information about a lot of different types of content. `[00:08:32]` 它可以追溯到這個主題，在互聯網上 Facebook 出現之前，你可以找到很多關于許多不同類型內容的信息。 > `[00:08:40]` But the thing that we as people care the most about which is other people write it around us and our brains are just wired that way. `[00:08:40]` 但是我們作為人最關心的事情，也就是其他人把它寫在我們周圍，我們的大腦就是這樣的。 > It wasn\'t there. 它不在那里。 > And if you think about it. 如果你想一想。 > The reason is that you know that that information about people isn\'t just out there on the Internet to be indexed via some search engine. 原因是你知道關于人的信息并不僅僅存在于互聯網上，而是通過某種搜索引擎進行索引。 > Right. 右（邊），正確的 > You can just send a web crawler around and learn what\'s going on with people. 你只需發送一個網絡爬蟲，并了解\發生了什么與人。 > You have to build tools that give people the power to share that content themselves. 你必須構建一些工具，讓人們能夠自己分享這些內容。 > And that stuff didn\'t exist. 那些東西根本不存在。 > And if you go back you know most of the way that people interact online was anonymous. 如果你回去，你知道人們在網上互動的大部分方式都是匿名的。 > Right. 右（邊），正確的 > And the idea at the time was that it was pretty scary to put your name in real identity online without the right privacy controls and without kind of the right community infrastructure. 當時的想法是，在沒有正確的隱私控制和適當的社區基礎設施的情況下，把你的名字寫在網上的真實身份是相當可怕的。 > So that\'s a lot of what we built was a framework where people would be comfortable sharing it that way and where people able to share less on these competing services. 這就是我們所建立的一個框架，在這個框架中，人們會樂于以那種方式共享它，并且人們能夠在這些相互競爭的服務上共享更少的資源。 > `[00:09:32]` There were three universities you mentioned. `[00:09:32]` 你提到過三所大學。 > Yeah I mean Stanford entered jail in Columbia. 我是說斯坦福進了哥倫比亞的監獄。 > Yeah. 嗯 > That each had different things. 每個人都有不同的東西。 > `[00:09:38]` I think some of them were just they gave people less ways to express content about themselves. `[00:09:38]` 我認為他們中的一些只是他們給了人們更少的方式來表達自己的內容。 > None of them I think had a concept of connections. 我認為他們中沒有一個人有聯系的概念。 > Right. 右（邊），正確的 > So one of the things that if you think about you know friend people yeah and if you think about friending today one of the reasons why it\'s important is because you get the person\'s content in your news feed right. 所以，如果你想到你認識朋友的人，是的，如果你想今天結交朋友，那么其中一個重要的原因就是你把這個人的內容放在你的新聞上。 > And there was no news feed back then. 當時沒有新聞反饋。 > Right. 右（邊），正確的 > So a lot of the reason that that friending was it was good it was just because you could put someone on your profile and say that you were connected to them. 所以，朋友關系之所以很好，是因為你可以把某人放到你的個人資料上，說你和他們有聯系。 > So just like people were more fascinated than intuitively it seemed like they should have been about looking and clicking through the classes that people were taking. 所以，就像人們比直覺更感興趣一樣，他們應該是在觀察和點擊人們正在學習的課程。 > A lot of people also just wanted to see who other people knew. 很多人也只是想看看別人認識誰。 > There was nothing like that that existed. 根本就沒有這樣的東西存在。 > `[00:10:18]` So you had friending from the beginning. `[00:10:18]` 所以你從一開始就有朋友。 > `[00:10:20]` Oh yeah. `[00:10:20]` 哦，是的。 > `[00:10:21]` That was a really critical piece so the missing connections they had the nodes of the social graph but not the arcs. `[00:10:21]` 這是一個非常關鍵的部分，所以缺少的連接有社交圖的節點，但沒有弧線。 > `[00:10:30]` Well there is that. `[00:10:30]` 是這樣的。 > And I think there\'s less emphasis on real identity in the community. 我認為社區中對真實身份的重視較少。 > So some of these communities you know just like you made it so that people could sign up with a pseudonym which is is fine. 所以有些社區，你知道，就像你做的那樣，這樣人們就可以注冊一個假名，這很好。 > `[00:10:40]` I mean I think that there are lots of services that are good with pseudonyms but if you\'re talking about real a real community that then you want to have its drawbacks. `[00:10:40]` 我的意思是，我認為有很多服務是好用化名的，但如果你說的是真正的一個真正的社區，那么你想有它的缺點。 > `[00:10:50]` Have you ever seen the comments on Hacker News. `[00:10:50]` 你看過黑客新聞上的評論嗎？ > Laughter. 笑聲。 > I think if people were talking under their own names they might be a bit more civilized. 我想如果人們用自己的名字說話，他們可能會更文明一些。 > `[00:10:58]` And sometimes it\'s actually it goes both ways though right I mean a lot of the advantage of that is that people can be very critical. `[00:10:58]` 有時候它是雙向的，但我的意思是，它的很多優點是人們可以非常挑剔。 > Right. 右（邊），正確的 > If you\'re always talking into your real name it there\'s often a social penalty for being critical so it is more civilized I think. 如果你總是用你的真名說話，那就會因為批評而受到社會的懲罰，所以我認為它更文明。 > But that may not always be the most productive thing. 但這可能并不總是最有成效的事情。 > So you want a balance of these things. 所以你想要平衡這些東西。 > `[00:11:23]` At the moment I envy you so we can talk after this about getting inverted. `[00:11:23]` 此刻，我羨慕你，所以我們可以在這之后談談如何倒置。 > I know what you\'re saying. 我知道你在說什么。 > `[00:11:33]` Applause Applause The Devil You Know or the devil you don\'t. `[00:11:33]` 掌聲是你認識的魔鬼還是你不認識的魔鬼。 > `[00:11:39]` OK. `[00:11:39]` 好的。 > `[00:11:39]` The key is don\'t only use Facebook Connect. `[00:11:39]` 關鍵是不要只使用 FacebookConnect。 > Right. 右（邊），正確的 > Some people make that can use Facebook and Twitter. 有些人可以使用 Facebook 和 Twitter。 > Well you know Facebook and e-mail or whatever or whatever else thereafter Twitter is fine too. 嗯，你知道 facebook 和電子郵件，或者其他什么的，之后推特也很好。 > `[00:11:51]` Laughter. `[00:11:51]` 笑聲。 > `[00:11:53]` But you only use to you. `[00:11:53]` 但你只用你自己。 > All right now this is a hypothetical question. 好吧，這是一個假設性的問題。 > `[00:11:57]` So if you hadn\'t started Facebook Like for example if if Harvard had already canceled reading period and you were actually kicked me out. `[00:11:57]` 所以如果你沒有啟動 Facebook，比如說，如果哈佛已經取消了閱讀期，而實際上你卻把我開除了。 > `[00:12:05]` Right or they kicked you out of Facebook smash you know you ask this question before but what I\'ve started Facebook without smash about the only thing that I got from face smash was I met my wife because of it because my Harvard said that they were gonna kick me out and my friends really thought that they were gonna kick me out. `[00:12:05]` 是的，或者是他們把你趕出了 Facebook，你知道你以前問過這個問題，但我在 Facebook 開始的時候并沒有扣殺臉書，我從臉譜上得到的唯一好處就是我遇見了我的妻子，因為我的哈佛說他們要把我趕出去，而我的朋友們真的以為他們會把我趕出去。 > They planned this going away party for me and I actually met my wife at that party. 他們為我策劃了這場送別派對，我在那次聚會上遇到了我的妻子。 > `[00:12:27]` So I didn\'t even wait for the ad board to decide before they had the going away party. `[00:12:27]` 所以我甚至沒有等到廣告牌決定之后，他們才會舉行送別派對。 > `[00:12:31]` They were so sure yeah my friends were just like completely positive that I was going to get kicked out of school. `[00:12:31]` 他們很確定，是的，我的朋友們非常肯定，我會被學校開除。 > Laughter Actually you know not only that but my family was pretty confident that I was going to either get kicked out or drop out of school to before I started college. 笑聲，事實上，你不僅知道，而且我的家人很有信心，我要么會被踢出學校，要么會在我上大學之前輟學。 > My little sister bet me that she would finish college before me and my mom later told me that she always knew I was going to leave college. 我妹妹跟我打賭，她會在我之前完成大學學業，我媽媽后來告訴我，她一直知道我要離開大學。 > It was like Thanks Mom laughter. 就像謝謝媽媽大笑。 > `[00:12:54]` So here\'s my hypothetical question If you hadn\'t started Facebook there would probably be something like Facebook now. `[00:12:54]` 所以，我的假設問題是，如果你沒有創建 Facebook，現在可能會出現類似 Facebook 的東西。 > Yeah. 嗯 > Would it have. https://tmt.ap-beijing.tencentcloudapi.com/?Action=TextTranslate&Nonce=1234&ProjectId=1257710951&Region=ap-beijing&SecretId=AKIDPqCXo8hXckompwwu7EB4sWzTvJXboBh2&Source=en&SourceText=Would+it+have.&Target=zh&Timestamp=1538796634&Version=2018-03-21&Signature=890bEOjqCSWGUlZCrxGWBSYLtVo= > Would it have to have been something that started out as a network for college students. 會不會是作為大學生網絡開始的。 > Was that thermal so powerful that the winner would have had to be one of these college things where could MySpace have sort of more often grown and become it. 這是如此強大的熱度，以至于獲獎者必須成為大學里的一員，在那里，MySpace 可以更經常地成長并成為它。 > `[00:13:20]` I don\'t yeah I don\'t think it had to be a college thing. `[00:13:20]` 我不認為這一定是大學的事。 > You know one of my earliest memories from Facebook was I used to get pizza almost every night with one of my friends. 你知道，我在 Facebook 上最早的記憶之一是，我幾乎每天晚上都和我的一個朋友一起吃披薩。 > `[00:13:33]` I did my computer science problem sets with and we used to talk about technology and where we saw the world going and I remember one of our conversations right after I had launched Facebook was about how I was really excited to offer the service for our community but that one day clearly someone was going to build this for the world. `[00:13:33]` 我做了我的計算機科學問題集，我們過去經常談論技術，我們看到了世界在哪里，我記得我們在 Facebook 啟動后的一次談話是關于我是多么興奮地為我們的社區提供服務，但是有一天很明顯，有人會為世界建造這個平臺。 > Right. 右（邊），正確的 > And it hadn\'t even crossed my mind that maybe we would be the ones to do it because from my perspective it\'s like we\'re just college students What do we know about building software that hundreds of millions of people use. 我甚至沒有想過，也許我們會是這樣做的人，因為在我看來，我們只是大學生，我們對構建億萬人使用的軟件了解多少？ > You know clearly this is going to be something that Microsoft or Google or Yahoo or someone like that who builds these services that tons of people use is going to do it. 你很清楚，這將是微軟，谷歌，雅虎，或者像這樣的人，誰建立了這些服務，大量的人使用它是要做到這一點。 > And when you realized you were going to do it like how many how many schools did you have before you realized this was wobbly it probably later on when we went outside of college. 當你意識到你要這么做的時候，就像在你意識到這是不穩定之前，你有多少所學校，這很可能是后來我們走出大學的時候。 > `[00:14:23]` But even to the point where you had hundreds of colleges you still thought some big company was going to come along and do this better. `[00:14:23]` 但是即使到了你擁有數百所大學的地步，你仍然認為某家大公司會出現并做得更好。 > `[00:14:29]` Well not necessarily the college part but I didn\'t know that we were going to be the people building the community to kind of connect everyone. 不一定是大學那部分，但我不知道我們會成為建立社區的人，把每個人聯系起來。 > `[00:14:36]` Right. `[00:14:36]` 對。 > `[00:14:37]` So in retrospect though it was pretty obvious. `[00:14:37]` 回想起來，這是相當明顯的。 > `[00:14:41]` No no not at all. `[00:14:41]` 不，一點也不。 > `[00:14:43]` You know I actually spent a bunch of time analyzing and reflecting on why it was that we were even able to do it because all like all reasons suggests that we shouldn\'t have been able to do it right because all these other companies had way more engineering power and and servers and time and money and all this stuff. `[00:14:43]` 你知道我花了很多時間來分析和思考為什么我們能夠做到這一點，因為所有的原因都表明我們不應該這么做，因為所有其他公司都有更多的工程能力、服務器、時間和金錢以及所有這些東西。 > And I actually think that this is pretty instructive thing for anything that you want to go do because this is the same properties going be true for any thing that you guys start. 實際上，我認為這對你想做的任何事情都是很有啟發意義的，因為對于你們開始的任何事情來說，這都是同樣的屬性。 > Is that someone else is going to have more resources and be able to do it. 其他人將擁有更多的資源并能夠做到這一點。 > The reason why I think we actually ended up being the ones doing it is because we just cared way more about it than everyone else. 我認為我們最終會成為做這件事的人的原因是因為我們比其他人更關心它。 > Right. 右（邊），正確的 > So there were always projects at some of these other companies that were these hobbies. 因此，在其他一些公司，總會有一些項目就是這些業余愛好。 > But we always thought that it was this really important thing and really just like felt in our gut in our heart that we wanted to do it. 但我們一直認為這是一件非常重要的事情，就像我們內心深處的感覺一樣，我們想要這樣做。 > And you know early on there were all these these skeptics saying that this can\'t be a business. 你知道，早期就有很多懷疑論者說這不可能是生意。 > We don\'t actually care that much about it being a business early on. 實際上，我們并不那么關心這件事，因為我們很早就開始做生意了。 > But a lot of the reason why bigger companies didn\'t invest in it was because it wasn\'t clear that there was a model that would work for it. 但更大的公司之所以沒有對其進行投資，很大程度上是因為目前還不清楚是否有一種模式適用于它。 > `[00:15:44]` It seemed like a bad idea. `[00:15:44]` 這似乎是個壞主意。 > `[00:15:46]` And I actually think that that\'s true for a lot of the best ideas or it is that it\'s not that someone else can\'t do it. `[00:15:46]` 事實上，我認為很多最好的想法都是這樣的，或者不是別人做不到。 > They actually can. 他們真的可以。 > And the odds are stacked against you. 你的勝算很大。 > But I think often that belief in the fact that you just care so much about what you\'re doing is the only thing that kind of drives you to do it. 但我常常認為，相信你只在乎自己在做什么，這是唯一驅使你去做的事情。 > And you know to be honest that kind of drives me to this day. 老實說，這讓我一直到今天。 > I mean one of the big emphasis points for the company right now is Internet dot org. 我的意思是，公司目前的重點之一是互聯網網站。 > You know for a while we had this rallying cry of can we connect a billion people. 你知道，有一段時間，我們一直在呼吁，我們能把十億人聯系起來嗎？ > And you know when we start talking about that we thought it was crazy and it was way bigger than any service in the world that had been built and you know as you know 10 digits longer. 你知道，當我們開始談論它的時候，我們認為它是瘋狂的，它比世界上任何已經建成的服務都要大得多，你知道，比你知道的要長 10 位數。 > It\'s just it felt crazy we\'d never get to that. 只是感覺很瘋狂，我們永遠也無法做到這一點。 > But then the thing is as we started to actually get closer to that we took a step back and I like art Well our mission is actually to get one in seven people in the world to be connected it\'s we want to connect everyone. 但事情是，當我們開始向后退一步的時候，我很喜歡藝術，我們的使命是讓世界上每七個人中就有一個人連接起來，這就是我們想把每個人聯系起來。 > So it\'s it\'s a big issue that only around a third of the people in the world had access to the Internet. 因此，世界上只有大約三分之一的人能夠上網，這是一個大問題。 > And that\'s something that we think that we can do something about and similar to early Facebook. 這是我們認為我們可以做一些類似于早期 Facebook 的事情。 > We don\'t. 我們不需要。 > There\'s no business model around this. 這里沒有商業模式。 > I mean all the people who have all the money in the world I mean it\'s not necessarily a fair thing. 我是說，世界上所有有錢的人，我的意思是，這不一定是一件公平的事情。 > Are already the people who were on Facebook credits in the first you know seventh of the world but we just believe really strongly it\'s like this is what we were here to do. 你知道，世界上第七名的人已經在 Facebook 上獲得了信用，但我們堅信，這就是我們在這里所要做的。 > This is what our company cares about. 這就是我們公司所關心的。 > I care about it the team cares about it our culture cares about it. 我關心它，團隊關心它，我們的文化關心它。 > So we\'re just going to keep pushing on it. 所以我們要繼續努力。 > And I actually think a lot of the reason why great stuff gets built is because it\'s kind of irrational at the time but so it kind of selects the people who care the most about it doing it. 事實上，我認為建造偉大的東西的很多原因是因為它當時有點不合理，但是它選擇了那些最關心它的人。 > `[00:17:15]` Do `[00:17:15]` you think there is anything about you like a personal quality of yours besides sort of basic smartness and determination that made you well suited to work on this project. `[00:17:15]` `[00:17:15]` 你認為你身上除了基本的聰明和決心之外，還有你的個人品質，這使你很適合做這個項目。 > `[00:17:27]` I `[00:17:27]` realize this requires some introspection. `[00:17:27]` `[00:17:27]` 認識到這需要一些反省。 > Yeah I actually think determination is probably the biggest piece. 是的，我認為決心可能是最大的一部分。 > `[00:17:34]` You know it\'s um so many things go wrong when you\'re starting a company and often I think people ask you what mistakes should you avoid making. `[00:17:34]` 你知道，當你創辦一家公司的時候，有那么多事情出了問題，我常常認為人們會問你，你應該避免犯哪些錯誤。 > And you know my answer to that question is don\'t even bother trying to avoid mistakes because you\'re going to make tons of mistakes. 你知道我對這個問題的回答是不要費心去避免錯誤，因為你會犯很多錯誤。 > Right. 右（邊），正確的 > And the the important thing is actually learning quickly from whatever mistakes you make and not giving up. 重要的是要從你犯的任何錯誤中快速學習，而不是放棄。 > Right. 右（邊），正確的 > I mean there are things every single year of Facebook existence that could have killed us or made it so that it just seemed like moving forward and making a lot of progress just seemed intractable. 我的意思是，Facebook 存在的每一年都有一些事情可能會讓我們喪命，甚至讓它看起來像是向前邁進，取得很大進展似乎是難以解決的。 > But you just kind of bounce back and you learn. 但你只是有點反彈然后你就學到了。 > And nothing is impossible you just have to kind of keep running through the walls. 沒有什么是不可能的，你只要一直跑過墻就行了。 > `[00:18:12]` So the biggest mistake is a mistake letting a mistake moralise you. `[00:18:12]` 所以最大的錯誤就是讓一個錯誤使你道德化。 > Do you think Facebook. 你覺得 Facebook。 > `[00:18:22]` Knows better. `[00:18:22]` 更清楚。 > `[00:18:25]` Do you think Facebook had a rougher time. `[00:18:25]` 你認為 Facebook 的日子過得更艱難嗎？ > Do you think it ran into more obstacles early on than typical startups because now you\'ve known a you know a lot of other people who\'ve started startups and you\'ve heard all of ghastly stories about what goes on behind the scenes. 你認為它在一開始就遇到了比典型的初創公司更多的障礙嗎？因為現在你已經認識很多其他人，他們已經開始創業，并且你已經聽到了所有關于幕后發生的可怕的故事。 > Do you think it was more of a shit show or less about normal probably more. 你覺得這更像是一場糟糕的表演還是更少的關于正常的，也許更多。 > `[00:18:46]` Yeah. `[00:18:46]` 是的。 > I mean why. 我是說為什么。 > `[00:18:49]` Well part of the reason was because I knew nothing when I got started. `[00:18:49]` 部分原因是因為我剛開始的時候什么都不知道。 > When you have to Homer. 當你需要荷馬的時候。 > I was 19 years old when I started Facebook right. 我剛開始 Facebook 的時候才 19 歲。 > So I mean probably look the same age or younger than than most of you guys I think you would be young for this actually. 所以，我的意思是，也許看起來和你們大多數人年齡相同，或者更年輕，我認為你們會因為這件事而年輕。 > And I knew nothing nothing about business at all. 我對生意一無所知。 > `[00:19:04]` I did not even think that I was starting a company actually remember when I first came out here for the summer with Dustin because we wanted to learn from Silicon Valley companies. `[00:19:04]` 我甚至不認為我是在創辦一家公司，實際上我還記得我第一次和達斯汀一起度過夏天的時候，因為我們想向硅谷的公司學習。 > I remember driving up the one to one and seeing all these great companies and thinking to myself wow views are such amazing companies. 我記得開著一對一的車，看到了所有這些偉大的公司，我自己也在想，哇，風景真是太棒了。 > Maybe one day I\'ll start a company and I\'ve already started Facebook and it hadn\'t occurred to me that that was actually. 也許有一天，我會創辦一家公司，我已經創建了 Facebook，但我并沒有想到這一點。 > `[00:19:28]` So how do you learn. `[00:19:28]` 那么你是如何學習的呢？ > How did you learn from other people around me. 你是怎么從我周圍的人那里學到的。 > `[00:19:32]` But there\'s so many mistakes that just come from not. `[00:19:32]` 但是有那么多的錯誤只是來自于不。 > I mean like I really knew so little at the time. 我是說當時我真的知之甚少。 > I mean like when Peter TEEAL came in to invest one thing that he demanded was that all of the founders beyond vesting schedules and I didn\'t even know what a vesting schedule was. 我的意思是，當彼得·泰厄爾(PeterTEEAL)進來投資時，他要求的是，所有的創始人都超越了歸屬時間表，我甚至不知道歸屬時間表是什么。 > `[00:19:50]` I never heard of that. `[00:19:50]` 我從來沒聽說過。 > Right. 右（邊），正確的 > So I mean part of the the early conflict that I had with Tom with Eduardo who is one of our founders who then left was he was at Harvard with us. 所以我的意思是我和湯姆的早期沖突的一部分，愛德華多是我們的創始人之一，后來離開的是他和我們一起在哈佛。 > We kind of decided OK if we started a company would divide the equity up this way. 我們決定，如果我們成立了一家公司，就可以這種方式分割股權。 > We hadn\'t heard of vesting schedules and then he just bounced he never moved out to California with us. 我們沒有聽說過轉業時間表，然后他就跳了起來，他從來沒有和我們一起搬到加州去。 > So so Peter was like all you guys have to be investing schedules were like Oh shit now what do we do. 所以彼得就像你們所有的人一樣，投資日程就像哦，媽的，現在我們該怎么辦？ > Right. 右（邊），正確的 > So. 所以 > But it\'s fine. 但沒關系。 > I mean it\'s like that mistake probably cost me billions of dollars. 我的意思是這個錯誤可能讓我損失了數十億美元。 > `[00:20:18]` But it\'s funny you just. `[00:20:18]` 但是你只是. > You move forward. 你繼續前進。 > And you can\'t. 但你不能。 > It doesn\'t matter. 這不重要。 > I mean you just kind of keep pushing forward and that\'s how it goes. 我是說，你一直向前推進，事情就是這樣的。 > `[00:20:30]` Yeah. `[00:20:30]` 是的。 > How how did you learn. 你是怎么學到的。 > You start out. 你一開始。 > `[00:20:42]` Laughter. `[00:20:42]` 笑聲。 > It\'s good. 它很好。 > You can do it Robert. 你能做到的羅伯特。 > Laughter. 笑聲。 > Laughter. 笑聲。 > `[00:20:49]` So you start out as a 19 year old right. `[00:20:49]` 所以你從 19 歲開始就對了。 > And you have this Web site just like going through the roof. 你的網站就像翻越屋頂一樣。 > Ron was talking earlier about her very early on the graphs she\'s were going up very steeply and you had to learn how to create this organization. 羅恩很早就談到了她，她的圖表上升得非常快，你必須學會如何創建這個組織。 > You know you had to learn how to be a manager. 你知道你必須學會如何成為一名經理。 > That\'s the next phase after you raise money and you have something that\'s growing. 這是你籌集資金后的下一個階段，你有一些正在增長的東西。 > How did you learn how to how to manage people. 你是怎么學會如何管理人的。 > `[00:21:14]` Well through a lot of mistakes I don\'t think anyone is like naturally good at hiring out of the box right. `[00:21:14]` 好吧，盡管有很多錯誤，我不認為任何人都是天生善于從盒子里招人的。 > `[00:21:21]` So you have to learn in each role. `[00:21:00]` 所以你必須在每一個角色中學習。 > We probably went through multiple iterations before landing on a balance of a person that made sense and the problem is made even harder by the fact that you don\'t need the same thing at each stage. 我們可能經歷過多次迭代，然后才能找到一個有意義的人的平衡，而這個問題由于你在每個階段都不需要相同的東西而變得更加困難。 > So it\'s a moving target as well. 所以它也是一個移動的目標。 > `[00:21:36]` But it\'s not just hiring though you have to somehow lead a group of people and get them all to work together. `[00:21:36]` 但這不僅僅是招聘，盡管你必須以某種方式領導一群人，讓他們一起工作。 > That\'s very hard. 那很難。 > Yeah. 嗯 > And you do now where you don\'t program much probably right. 你現在做的是你沒有編程的地方-很可能是對的。 > You spend always for advantaging. 你總是把錢花在優勢上。 > Yeah well it\'s or fun. 是的，這是\或有趣的。 > `[00:21:49]` Now you\'re a manager an expert. `[00:21:49]` 現在你是一名經理，一名專家。 > No absolutely not. 不絕對不是。 > You have to be great hits. 你一定很棒。 > Yeah try telling that to my team. 是的，試著告訴我的團隊。 > But how did you learn it. 但你是怎么學到的。 > Was there anyone who taught you or any book you just have to throw yourself in. 有沒有人教過你或者你只需要投入你自己的書。 > So you just try linguistics. 所以你就試試語言學吧。 > `[00:22:06]` So I have you know I\'ve developed a few heuristics over time that I think are simple enough that the organization can internalize. `[00:22:06]` 所以你知道，隨著時間的推移，我已經開發了一些啟發式方法，我認為這些方法很簡單，可以讓組織內部化。 > So in terms of hiring everyone says hire good people right. 所以在招聘方面，每個人都說雇傭好人是正確的。 > No one wants to hire like a reasonable person. 沒有人愿意像一個通情達理的人那樣雇用人。 > Laughter. 笑聲。 > `[00:22:23]` You want to hire like a really good person but then the question is how do you like what\'s the right heuristic for determining if someone is really good. `[00:22:23]` 你想雇傭一個真正好的人，但問題是，你喜歡什么是正確的啟發，以確定某人是否真的很好。 > So over time what I figured out was that the only actual way to let someone to analyze whether someone was really good was if they would work for that person. 因此，隨著時間的推移，我發現讓某人分析某人是否真的很優秀的唯一實際方法是，他們是否愿意為那個人工作。 > So I don\'t think that needs to occur to many levels down in the organization but I basically think that that\'s like that\'s a really good heuristic right. 因此，我不認為這需要在組織的許多層面上發生，但我基本上認為，這是一個很好的啟發式方法。 > And I believe that. 我相信。 > I mean for if you look at my management team today I mean if we were in an alternate universe and I hadn\'t started the company it would be an honor to work for any of these people. 我的意思是，如果你看看我今天的管理團隊，我的意思是，如果我們處在另一個世界，而我還沒有創立這家公司，那么能為這些人中的任何一個工作將是一種榮幸。 > And I think if you if you build a company that has kind of those values rather interesting. 我認為，如果你創建一家具有這些價值的公司，那是相當有趣的。 > Oh I want to hire the best person I can find or whatever. 哦，我想雇用我能找到的最好的人。 > If you hold yourself to that standard than you\'ll then I think you\'ll build a pretty strong company. 如果你堅持這樣的標準，那么我認為你會建立一個相當強大的公司。 > `[00:23:08]` There are other things around management that you just kind of have to throw yourself into in different ways as well. `[00:23:08]` 管理還有其他的事情，你也必須用不同的方式投入其中。 > I used to be really terrified of public speaking I\'m to the point where when I did all hands which at the time were like 10 or 15 people I had to sit down because I was so afraid. 我曾經非常害怕公開演講，當我做所有的手的時候，當時大概有 10 到 15 個人，我不得不坐下來，因為我太害怕了。 > `[00:23:23]` And at the time a lot of people. `[00:23:00]` 當時很多人。 > Which is ironic because I\'m still sitting but I\'m not because I\'m afraid just because it\'s more comfortable and laughter. 這很諷刺，因為我還在坐著，但我并不是因為我害怕，只是因為它更舒服和更笑聲。 > `[00:23:33]` So what I did was I basically I threw myself into some of the stuff and you know a bunch of schools invited me to come speak and what I did was I accepted some of those invitations even though I had no real goal of doing that except for desensitising myself. `[00:23:33]` 我所做的基本上是，我把自己投入其中，你知道，有很多學校邀請我來演講，而我所做的是，我接受了其中的一些邀請，盡管我沒有真正的目標去做這些事情，只是為了讓自己冷靜下來。 > `[00:23:48]` And I went up to give a speech without having prepared anything. `[00:23:48]` 我沒有準備好，就上去講演。 > And if you do that a few times you stop being afraid really quickly and because I mean what\'s the worst thing that can happen. 如果你這樣做了幾次，你就會很快停止恐懼，因為我的意思是，最糟糕的事情是什么。 > You know I think a survey says that more Americans are afraid of public speaking than death. 你知道，我認為一項調查顯示，比起死亡，更多的美國人害怕公共演講。 > And it\'s so you know just throw yourself and you get over this stuff. 所以你要知道，只要把自己扔出去，你就能克服這件事。 > `[00:24:10]` I remember the first talk you gave or gave it gave at Startup School. `[00:24:10]` 我記得你在創業學校做的第一次演講。 > And I think it was one of these the way you describe that you went with no preparation. 我認為這就是你描述的那種毫無準備的方式。 > Laughter. 笑聲。 > `[00:24:17]` Laughter. `[00:24:17]` 笑聲。 > Know actually I can tell you you know what. 其實我可以告訴你。 > But thank you. 但是謝謝你。 > What\'s the worst thing that can happen you can say something off the cuff that gets taken by the press like a football and thrown her hand and gets you. 最糟糕的事情是什么？你可以說些被媒體像足球一樣抓住的話，然后把她的手扔給你。 > `[00:24:29]` That\'s fine. `[00:24:29]` 沒關系。 > Actually I actually did prepare for that and I don\'t have that excuse. 事實上，我確實為此做了準備，我沒有那個借口。 > But the fact that laughter was really did all that this practice did was desensitize me it did actually make me good at public speaking as this is this is proof of like managing people you know if you work with people that you like then it\'s wonderful. 但事實上，笑聲確實做到了-這一切都是讓我冷靜下來-它確實讓我擅長于公開演講，因為這證明了你喜歡管理人，你知道，如果你和你喜歡的人一起工作，那就太棒了。 > `[00:24:49]` Right. `[00:24:49]` 對。 > `[00:24:49]` Because one definition that I have for a good team is a group of people that makes better decisions as a whole than would individually make as a sum of the parts. `[00:24:49]` 因為我對一個好團隊的一個定義是，作為一個整體做出更好的決策的一群人，要比個人所做的每一個部分的總和都要好。 > And when you\'re I think most smart people like learning. 我認為大多數聰明的人都喜歡學習。 > Right. 右（邊），正確的 > And I mean that\'s like one of the thrills of starting a company right is you\'re just the learning curve can be so steep and if you can set up a team dynamic where you\'re constantly learning from the people around you then I mean what\'s better or is it these are the people I wake up every morning and I want to I want to go learn from and work from. 我的意思是，創建一家公司的興奮之處之一是，你的學習曲線可能非常陡峭，如果你能建立一個團隊動態，在那里你不斷地向周圍的人學習，那么我的意思是什么更好，或者是那些我每天早上醒來的人，我想向他們學習和工作。 > `[00:25:19]` Is that one of your heuristics for hiring people to hire people that you learn from. `[00:25:19]` 這是你的一種啟發，你可以雇傭別人來雇傭你從中學到的人。 > `[00:25:24]` Yeah. `[00:25:24]` 是的。 > And when building a team you want it to you want to think about the dynamics that way you can maintain this property that the team makes better decisions as a group than any individual would. 當建立一個團隊時，你想要的是你想要的動力，這樣你就可以維護這個屬性，團隊作為一個團隊比任何個人都能做出更好的決策。 > `[00:25:36]` How when you first started back in that house in Palo Alto you were a startup founder right. `[00:25:36]` 當你第一次回到帕洛阿爾托的那所房子的時候，你是一個初創公司的創始人，對嗎？ > So how I didn\'t know yet. 所以我還不知道。 > Well what was your mental model of a startup founder. 你的創業創辦人心理模型是什么。 > How did it come from. 它是怎么來的。 > Did was it Bill Gates you know where Steve Jobs did it come from reading books. 是比爾·蓋茨嗎？你知道史蒂夫·喬布斯是在哪里讀書的嗎？ > Peter Teil or Sean Sean Parker. 彼得·泰爾或者肖恩·帕克。 > I mean where did it come from. 我是說它是從哪里來的。 > `[00:25:58]` The thing that was kind of interesting was there\'s this culture in Silicon Valley that kind of makes startups seem glamorous and I never really believed that. `[00:25:58]` 有趣的是，硅谷的這種文化讓初創公司看起來很有魅力，而我從未真正相信過這一點。 > `[00:26:10]` I never had a goal of starting a startup and my goal when I realized that I had a company was to get it to be a good company as quickly as possible where I can kind of get out of what you\'d call the risky startup phase where you are just like constantly about to die and where you could get to a point where you can actually do some interesting things and make make a lot more interesting bets. `[00:26:10]` 我從來沒有創業的目標，當我意識到我有一家公司時，我的目標是讓它盡快成為一家好公司，在那里我可以擺脫你所稱的危險的創業階段，在這個階段，你就像不斷地死去，你可以到達一個你可以真正做到的地步。做一些有趣的事情，做更有趣的賭注。 > `[00:26:33]` So I don\'t know. `[00:26:33]` 所以我不知道。 > I never read a lot of the literature on this. 我從來沒看過很多關于這方面的文獻。 > I mean maybe if I had been I would have made so many mistakes but I don\'t know if like if learning for me is the right way to go on this. 我的意思是，也許如果我是，我會犯這么多的錯誤，但我不知道是否喜歡為我學習是否是正確的方式去做這件事。 > But I mean but it did. 但我是說，但它做到了。 > `[00:26:43]` I think your model must come from somewhere even if it was even if it was unintentional. `[00:26:43]` 我認為你的模型一定來自某個地方，即使它是無意的。 > Right. 右（邊），正確的 > Like were you influenced by Peter Teil or shawn. 就像你受到彼得·泰爾或者肖恩的影響。 > `[00:26:52]` Well yes I and even with all these people once I met them I actually I hadn\'t really heard of Peter Cheel before. `[00:26:52]` 嗯，是的，我，甚至和這些人在一起，我一遇到他們，實際上我以前也沒聽說過彼得？謝爾。 > I\'m talking about. 我說的是。 > Yeah right. 對。 > But he was massively influential on my thinking right. 但他對我的思想有很大的影響。 > I mean like a lot of the the early lessons that I took on how to think about strategy came from Peter and Shawn and I did a lot of attention when I was growing up to Microsoft. 我的意思是，就像我從彼得和肖恩那里學到的很多關于戰略的早期經驗一樣，我在微軟長大時做了很多關注。 > I thought I mean I grew up using Windows three point one and then Windows 95 and I just thought that those were like the most unbelievable things. 我想我的意思是，我成長的時候使用的是 Windows 的 3 分 1，然后是 Windows 95，我只是覺得這是最令人難以置信的事情。 > `[00:27:22]` And sense they are they really were awesome right. `[00:27:22]` 他們真的很棒，對吧。 > Well I don\'t know if you meant that positive positively but I did and I thought you know building this ecosystem was really neat and that kind of inspired me right in the way that they built a platform. 嗯，我不知道你是不是有那么積極的意思，但我這么做了，我想你知道，構建這個生態系統真的很好，這讓我深受鼓舞，就像他們建造了一個平臺一樣。 > `[00:27:36]` I kind of thought okay well maybe one day you know the tools that I\'m building can be part of a broader ecosystem as well and I think that that has kind of gotten lost from the valley. 我想，好吧，也許有一天，你知道我正在建造的工具也可以成為一個更廣闊的生態系統的一部分，我認為它已經從山谷中消失了。 > By the time that I got around to sending up Facebook as a company and Google an apple to that point hadn\'t really created platforms. 當我開始把 Facebook 作為一家公司發送出去時，谷歌(Google)還沒有真正創建平臺。 > They then went on to create much better platforms than anything that was created on desktop with their mobile operating systems. 然后，他們創建了比用移動操作系統在桌面上創建的任何東西都要好得多的平臺。 > But that was pretty influential. 但那很有影響力。 > `[00:28:01]` So was that idea of one day making Facebook into a platform sort of implicit all along. `[00:28:01]` 有一天把 Facebook 變成一個隱含的平臺的想法也是如此。 > Was it always something you were mulling over. 是你一直在考慮的事情嗎。 > Or was it something that occurred to you after you had all these people talking to one another. 或者是在你讓這些人互相交談之后你突然想到了什么。 > `[00:28:15]` Well turning Facebook into a platform was after that. `[00:28:15]` 在那之后，Facebook 變成了一個平臺。 > But the idea that there should be some social platform was pretty early on. 但是，應該有一些社交平臺的想法很早就開始了。 > Right so between you know course march in the room of Agustus thing and faced Masch and like all these things when I was at Harvard it kind of became clear to me that a lot of the software that we use should have people at the center of it right and people want to learn about people. 在你們知道，在 Agustus 的房間里游行，面對 Masch，就像我在哈佛的時候一樣，我逐漸意識到，我們使用的很多軟件都應該以人為中心，人們想要了解人們。 > That\'s like a really core thing in our psychology. 在我們的心理學中，這是一件非常重要的事情。 > So I thought that you know whether there was a central central social network kind of at the core of that or just like some kind of social libraries or API or something that there needed to be something that made it so there was like a common framework that everyone can use to develop. 所以我想，你知道是否有一個核心的社會網絡，或者就像某種社會圖書館或者 API，或者需要一些東西來實現它，所以有一個共同的框架，每個人都可以用它來開發。 > `[00:28:58]` You mentioned earlier that Peter Teil and Sean Parker both influenced your ideas about strategy. `[00:28:58]` 你早些時候提到彼得·泰爾和肖恩·帕克都影響了你對戰略的看法。 > Can you remember a particular strategic insight that you had early on. 你還記得你早期的戰略洞察力嗎。 > It\'s probably you know the statute of limitations for competition is probably passed now now there\'s probably stuff you can say about some insight that you had early on and you thought to yourself ha ha ha. 很可能你知道競爭的時效已經通過了，現在你可以說一些你很早就有洞察力的東西了，然后你自己想哈。 > Nobody else knows this except us but we have this we have this great this great trick. 除了我們，沒人知道這件事，但我們有這么大的訣竅。 > Do you remember any of them. 你還記得他們中的任何一個嗎。 > `[00:29:25]` Well Peter TEEAL was really focused on network effects and he had this model that I think is right for making decisions that as the complexity of the company grows everyday you\'re going to be faced with a hundred things that you could potentially go do and your job is to pick the one thing that actually matters because out of those 100 things it\'s really only actually going to be one or two things that actually matter. `[00:29:25]` 彼得·泰厄爾非常關注網絡效應，他有這樣一個模型，我認為這個模型是正確的，因為公司的復雜性每天都在增長，你將面臨著上百件你有可能去做的事情，而你的工作就是從這 100 件事情中挑出一件真正重要的事情，因為它實際上只會去做。成為一兩件真正重要的事情。 > And that was pretty informative to me at the time because I hadn\'t intuitively I had a lot of some of self direction intuitively. 這對當時的我來說是非常有意義的，因為我沒有直覺，我有很多直覺上的自我指導。 > `[00:29:59]` But as soon as I started getting all these people around me who all had reasonable perspectives on things was very hard for me to balance that. `[00:29:59]` 但當我開始讓那些對事物有合理看法的人在我身邊時，我很難平衡這一點。 > And Peter was always very useful for that we were focused. 彼得總是非常有用，因為我們專注于此。 > `[00:30:10]` He was good at saying here\'s the one thing that matters because on the one thing that matters. `[00:30:00]` 他擅長在這里說一件重要的事情，因為只有一件事是重要的。 > Well partially that and partially just the metal lesson of figure out the one thing that matters and do that. 好吧，部分是這樣，部分是金屬的教訓，那就是找出重要的一件事，然后去做這件事。 > But you also know what the one thing that mattered. 但你也知道最重要的是什么。 > I wouldn\'t have gone as quickly as possible because I\'m in network effects were massively important part of this. 我不會走得越快越好，因為我在網絡效應中扮演了非常重要的角色。 > One of the stories we\'re going to see is connecting everyone as quickly as possible you don\'t mean specifically getting more sign ups you mean getting people to a friend one another faster. 我們將要看到的故事之一是盡快地把每個人聯系起來，你并不意味著得到更多的注冊，而是意味著讓人們更快地找到另一個朋友。 > Yeah. 嗯 > Well how do you do that. 那你是怎么做到的。 > `[00:30:36]` Well we\'ve built a lot of tools to enable people to do what they all are over they want it to where you can\'t push uphill on the stuff credits. `[00:30:36]` 我們已經建立了很多工具，使人們能夠做他們想做的事，你不能把它推上坡的地方。 > If we were solving a problem that people had and we just needed to remove as much friction as possible. 如果我們要解決的問題，人們有，我們只是需要消除盡可能多的摩擦。 > But there was a pretty early funny sequence where there was actually this company in 2005 that got started that was called College Facebook. 但有一個非常早期的有趣的序列，其中實際上有一家公司在 2005 年成立，被稱為學院臉書。 > `[00:31:00]` It was like an exact clone of us. `[00:31:00]` 這就像我們的復制品。 > And it even had the same name. 甚至有著同樣的名字。 > Right. 右（邊），正確的 > And their strategy because we started at Harvard and then tried to branch out to schools that we thought would have dense social connections with Harvard so we can build this network. 他們的策略，因為我們從哈佛開始，然后嘗試擴展到我們認為與哈佛有緊密的社會聯系的學校，這樣我們就可以建立這個網絡。 > Their goal was they wanted to start in places that we weren\'t right so they started on the West Coast and in the south when we started in the northeast and they tried to build up this network of different schools and it was just this race for a while and eventually the boulder Seattle. 他們的目標是想從我們不合適的地方開始，所以他們從西海岸和南方開始，當我們從東北開始，他們試圖建立這個網絡，不同的學校，這只是一段時間的比賽，最后是大石頭西雅圖。 > Yeah. 嗯 > And then we just took this stuff really seriously and I remember Dustin just took it so personally. 然后我們就把這件事當真了，我記得達斯汀把它當成了個人恩怨。 > It\'s like any time they\'d launch at some school that we were at. 就像他們任何時候在我們所在的學校里一樣。 > We had this concept that we actually still have at the company today called lockdown which is whenever any other company gets ahead of us on something that we think is strategic to us back then lockdown meant we literally did not leave the house until we had addressed the problem. 我們在今天的公司仍然有這樣的概念，叫做“封鎖”，當任何其他公司在我們之前采取我們認為對我們來說具有戰略意義的事情時，封鎖意味著在我們解決問題之前，我們實際上是不會離開這座房子的。 > Now it\'s a little loose Thurbon interpretation inside the company we don\'t literally lock everyone inside the office but about as close to that as we can legally get. 現在，公司內部對瑟本的解釋有點松散，我們并沒有把每個人都關在辦公室里，而是盡可能接近這一點。 > So laughter and you know now the funny thing is inside Facebook you know because we\'ve a lot of different initiatives teams kind of do this themselves right and just decide it\'s OK. 所以笑，你知道，有趣的是在 facebook 里面，你知道，因為我們有很多不同的主動性，團隊自己也會這樣做，然后決定它是可以的。 > All right. 好的 > There\'s like some competitor that has something that we feel like we really need like we\'re going into lockdown to get this thing because we\'re not going to let college Facebook get ahead of us. 就像某個競爭對手，我們覺得我們真的需要一些東西，因為我們不會讓大學的 Facebook 領先于我們。 > `[00:32:26]` So in retrospect could you have completely ignored college Facebook and it wouldn\'t have made any difference. `[00:32:26]` 回想起來，你可能完全忽略了大學的 Facebook，這不會有任何區別。 > `[00:32:32]` I don\'t know. `[00:32:32]` 我不知道。 > Laughter is a good question. 笑是個好問題。 > `[00:32:38]` Don\'t you think like you have just eventually spread to the schools and killed them. `[00:32:38]` 你不認為你最終已經蔓延到學校并殺死了他們。 > `[00:32:42]` I mean in theory I think they didn\'t do a perfect job copying us. `[00:32:42]` 我的意思是，理論上，我認為他們沒有完美地模仿我們。 > You know one of the things that\'s interesting is that there are some countries where folks have made such good clones of Facebook that it has been very hard for us to grow in Russia as the biggest example. 你知道其中一件有趣的事情，那就是有些國家的人們對 Facebook 做了如此好的克隆，以至于我們很難在俄羅斯發展成為最大的例子。 > Right. 右（邊），正確的 > So we can talk. 這樣我們就可以談談了。 > Yeah. 嗯 > These guys are just like the International Olympiad computing computing Olympiad champions and it\'s a small team and they get treated like an awesome job cloning Facebook and there are fewer content laws so they also have illegal file downloads and all this stuff and like we just have not been able to beat them. 這些家伙就像國際奧林匹克電腦奧林匹克冠軍，這是一個小團隊，他們被當作一份很棒的工作，克隆 Facebook，而且內容法也比較少，他們也有非法的文件下載和所有這些東西，就像我們無法打敗他們一樣。 > `[00:33:18]` And maybe it\'s because of the illegal file downloads and it\'s one so you should add file down the wall and try not to break the law. `[00:33:18]` 也許是因為非法的文件下載，所以你應該把文件加到墻上，盡量不違法。 > But it\'s the growing fine writing it\'s like a linear growth and where we\'re I think slowly making a lot of progress and I\'m pretty sure we\'ll pass them eventually but it\'s been literally like almost 10 years since we got started with Facebook and we still have not beaten them in Russia. 但這是寫得越來越好，就像線性增長，我認為我們正在緩慢地取得很大進展，我很肯定我們最終會通過它們，但從字面上看，自從我們開始使用 Facebook 以來，已經有近 10 年的時間了，而且在俄羅斯，我們仍然沒有打敗他們。 > So it is possible that if the college Facebook folks had done better and had gone faster than maybe maybe maybe. 因此，有可能的是，如果大學里的 facebook 的人做得更好，走得比可能更快。 > `[00:33:48]` No no. `[00:33:48]` 不，不。 > But like they went the speed they did that wasn\'t affected by your lockdowns. 但就像他們的速度一樣，這并不會受到你的封鎖的影響。 > I\'m just wondering like maybe there\'s lockdowns were unnecessary because we always advise people basically just ignore competitors. 我只是想知道，也許沒有必要進行封鎖，因為我們總是建議人們基本上忽略競爭對手。 > Right. 右（邊），正確的 > `[00:33:59]` I do think that it\'s definitely possible to overvoted on competitors but one one caveat that I would say I think people tend to worry too much about strategic competitors who are doing something that\'s related. `[00:33:59]` 我確實認為，在競爭對手身上投過多票是絕對可能的，但我要提醒的是，我認為人們往往過于擔心那些正在做一些與之相關的事情的戰略競爭對手。 > But clone\'s I think actually end up being a pretty big nuisance. 但我認為克隆人最終會成為一個很大的麻煩。 > Right. 右（邊），正確的 > `[00:34:15]` So there are these whole companies now in Europe that like all they do is just clone companies that have been founded in theU.S. `[00:34:15]` 現在歐洲有很多這樣的公司，就像他們所做的一樣，只是克隆在美國成立的公司。 > and other places and try to bring them to Europe and have network effects and it\'s like a pain in the ass. 和其他地方，并試圖把他們帶到歐洲，并有網絡效應，這是一個痛苦的屁股。 > Right. 右（邊），正確的 > And I don\'t get it. 我不明白。 > So I actually think you do want to internationalize and pay attention to that stuff fairly early because those things are really annoying once they get lodged in. 所以我認為你確實想要國際化，并且很早就注意到這些東西，因為這些東西一旦被卡在里面，就會很煩人。 > `[00:34:37]` OK. `[00:34:37]` 好的。 > I think we have one minute left so I\'m going to ask you one more question. 我想我們還有一分鐘的時間，所以我再問你一個問題。 > `[00:34:43]` It seems like the most successful founders are are sort of obsessed like they\'re a little bit. `[00:34:43]` 似乎最成功的創始人似乎有點癡迷。 > They care a little bit too much about certain things right. 他們對某些事情太在意了。 > Like Steve Jobs cared a little bit too much about how perfect the edges of some polygon were. 就像史蒂夫·喬布斯一樣，喬布斯對某些多邊形的邊緣有多完美太在意了。 > Right. 右（邊），正確的 > What is it that you care too much about. 你關心的是什么？ > `[00:35:03]` Connecting everyone is serious. `[00:35:03]` 連接每個人都是嚴肅的。 > `[00:35:07]` If you think about it it\'s like this aesthetic sense of the world that I have is that you can communities of people can channel their energy to do great things and having connections between people is the infrastructure for the world to do that. `[00:35:07]` 如果你想一想，這就像我對世界的一種審美感覺，那就是你可以讓人們的社區把精力引導到偉大的事情中去，人與人之間的聯系是世界實現這一目標的基礎。 > And you know that\'s why at each step along the way when there was always all this uncertainty about whether it would be profitable or whether it would make sense or be good or whatever to do these thing things we always were doing it because we just cared more. 你也知道，為什么在前進的每一步中，總是有很多關于它是否有利可圖，或者它是否有意義，或者是好的，或者做這些事情的任何事情的不確定性，我們總是這么做，因為我們只是更關心。 > I mean to this day and you could say that that was a start up thing but it isn\'t because now we\'re here and we connect more than a billion people. 我的意思是，直到今天，你可以說這是一個開始的事情，但不是，因為現在我們在這里，我們連接超過 10 億人。 > But I mean we\'re pouring tons of money and resources into connecting people who can\'t even afford Internet access. 但我的意思是，我們投入了大量的資金和資源來連接那些連互聯網都買不起的人。 > Right. 右（邊），正確的 > So I mean that\'s like there\'s no way that that\'s going to be profitable in the near term or medium term. 所以我的意思是，在短期或中期內，這是不可能盈利的。 > But we\'re doing it because we think it\'s the right thing to do and over the long term I do think that there\'s something there and it\'s going to be fundamentally important for the world and maybe we\'ll get rewarded maybe not but we just really care. 但我們這么做是因為我們認為這樣做是正確的，從長遠來看，我確實認為那里有一些東西，它對世界來說將是至關重要的，也許我們會得到回報，也許不會，但我們真的很在乎。 > `[00:36:03]` So it\'s a movement. `[00:36:03]` 所以這是一場運動。 > And Facebook the company is sort of a subset of it. 而 Facebook 則是其中的一個子集。 > Well. 井 > `[00:36:11]` All right you guys I think we\'re done. `[00:36:11]` 好了，伙計們，我想我們結束了。 > Are we done. 我們結束了嗎。 > We don\'t. 我們不需要。 > All right thank you very much Mark Zuckerberg Claus. 好的非常感謝馬克·扎克伯格·克勞斯。